رابطه بین شیوه های فرزندپروری، سبک های دلبستگی و جو خانوادگی دو نسل والدین و فرزندان

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی عمومی

2 دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره) قزوین

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی رابطه بین شیوه­های مختلف فرزندپروری (مقتدر، سهل­گیر، استبدادی و بی­توجه)، سبک­های مختلف دلبستگی (ایمن، اجتنابی و دوسوگرا) و جو خانوادگی (گرم و سرد) دو نسل (والدین و فرزندان) صورت پذیرفته است. گروه نمونه پژوهش حاضر 220 آزمودنی (110 دانش­آموز پسر کلاس سوم راهنمایی مدارس نواحی دوگانه شهر قزوین همراه با 110 نفر از والدین­شان) بودند که به­ صورت نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای چندمرحله­ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. در این پژوهش، از پرسش­نامه­های شیوه­های فرزندپروری شیفر (نقاشیان، 1358) و سبک­های دلبستگی کولینز و رید (کولینز و رید، 1990)، به عنوان ابزارهای جمع­آوری اطلاعات استفاده شد. برای تحلیل داده­ها، از روش مجذور خی 2، روش همبستگی پیرسون و روش تحلیل رگرسیون خطی ساده گام به گام استفاده شد. یافته­های پژوهش نشان داد که رابطه معناداری بین شیوه فرزندپرروی، سبک­های دلبستگی و جو خانوادگی دو نسل وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Intergenerational Transmission of Family Factors: Parenting Styles, Attachment Styles & Family Climate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mir Mohammad Bagher Azad Moosavi 1
  • Mohammad Reza Jalali 2
1 Khoy Payam Noor University
2 Imam Khomeini University
چکیده [English]

This research aimed to examine the relationship between parental styles (authoritative, permissive, authoritarian and neglectful), attachment styles (secure, avoidant and ambivalent) & family climate (hot and cold) of two generations. Subjects were 220 (110 boy students of third class of secondary schools of two districts of Qazvin, and 110 parents) who were selected via cluster sampling. In this study, Schaffer,s parenting questionnaires styles (Naqashian, 1358) and Collins and Read,s attachment (Collins & Read, 1990) were used as measures for collecting required data. Analyzes were carried out using simple linear regression, pearson correlation and chi-square. Results revealed that parenting styles, attachment styles and family climate of parents, predict same variables in children as second generation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Parenting Styles- Attachment Styles- Family Climate- Intergenerational Transmission

مراجع

  1. برادشاو، ج. (1996). خانواده (تحلیل سیستمی خانواده)، ترجمه مهدی قراچه‌داغی (1386)، تهران: لیوسا.
  2. برجعلی، ا. (1378). تأثیر سازگاری و الگوهای فرزندپروری والدین بر تحول روانی ـ اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان‌های شهر تهران. رساله دکتری چاپ نشده. دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
  3. پاکدامن، ش. (1386). برجاماندگی اختلال واکنشی دلبستگی در نوجوانی. مجله روان‌شناسان ایرانی. سال سوم، شماره 14.
  4. خانجانی، ز. (1384). تحول و آسیب‌شناختی دلبستگی از کودکی تا نوجوانی، تبریز: انتشارات فروزش.
  5. دلاور، ع. (1384). مبانی نظری و عملی پژوهش‌ در علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، تهران: انتشارات رشد.
  6. ماسن، پ. و همکاران، رشد و شخصیت کودک، ترجمه مهشید یاسایی (1380)، تهران. نشر مرکز.
  7. مظاهری، م. (1377). الگوهای دلبستگی نوزادان ایرانی، مجله روان‌شناسی، سال دوم، شماره 4.
  8. نقاشیان، (1358). رابطه محیط خانواده و موفقیت تحصیلی، رساله کارشناسی ارشد چاپ نشده. دانشگاه شیراز.
  9. Bagshaw, J. & Fox, I. (2005). Baby Massage For Dummies. Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana.
  10. Belsky, J., Hertzog, M., & Rovine, M. (1986). Causal analyses of multiple determinants of parenting: Empirical and methodological advances. In M. E. Lamb, A. L. Brown, & B. Rogoff (Eds.). Advances in developmental psychology (Vol. 4, Chap. 4). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  11. Bjorgo, L. (2003).Current attachment styles and attitudes toward motherhood of female college students. [A DISSERTATION IN PSYCHOLOGY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY].
  12. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Vol. 2: Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
  13. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. Vol. 3: Loss: Sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
  14. Brown, A. M. & Whiteside, S.P. (2008). Relations among perceived parental rearing behaviors, attachment style, and worry in anxious children. Anxiety Disorders. 22, 263–272.
  15. Cassidy, J. (2000). The Complexity of the Caregiving System: A Perspective From Attachment Theory. Psychological Inquiry , Vol. 11, No. 2, 84–123.
  16. Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personaltiy and Social Psychology, 58, 644–663.
  17. Cowan, P. A., Cohn, D. A., Cowan, C. P., & Pearson, J. L. (1996). Parents’ attachment histories and children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors: Exploring family systems models of linkage. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(1), 53–63.
  18. Feeney, J. A. (2002). Early parenting and parental attachment: Links with offspring’s attachment and perceptions of social support. Journal of Family Studies, 8(1), 5–23.
  19. Finzi, R.; Ram, A.; Har-Even, D.; Shnit, D.; Weizman, A. (2001). Attachment Styles and Aggression in Physically Abused and Neglected Children. Journal of Youth and Adolescence.Vol. 30, No. 6.
  20. Green, B. L.; Furrer, C.; McAllister, C. (2007). How Do Relationships Support Parenting? Effects of Attachment Style and Social Support on Parenting Behavior in an At-Risk Population. Am J Community Psychol. 40:96–108.
  21. Haith, M. M. & Benson, J. B. (2008). Encyclopedia of Infant and early childhood development. Elsevier Inc.
  22. Homer, M. M. (2006) An examination of the relationship between family of origin rituals and young adult attachment style. [A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science].
  23. Hopkins, B.; Barr, R. G.; Michel, G. F.; Rochat, Ph. (2005). The cambridge encyclopedia of child development . Cambridge University Press.
  24. Juffer, F.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J.; van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2008) Prpmoting posive parentingan attachment-based intervention. New York London Taylor & Francis Group.
  25. Keiley, M. K. & Seery, B. L. (2001). Affect Regulation And Attachment Strategies Of Adjudicated And Non-Adjudicated Adolescent And Their Parents. Contemporary Family Therapy. 23(3), Human Sciences Press, Inc.
  26. Keiley, M. K. & Seery, B. L. (2001). Affect Regulation And Attachment Strategies Of Adjudicated And Non-Adjudicated Adolescent And Their Parents. Contemporary Family Therapy .23(3), Human Sciences Press, Inc.
  27. Kerns, K.A. & Richardson, R. A. (2005). attachment in middle childhood. New York; Londen: The Guilford Press.
  28. Leveridge, M.; Stoltenberg, C.; Beesley, D. (2005). Relationship Of Attachment Style To Personality Factors And Family Interaction Patterns. Contemporary Family Therapy 27(4).
  29. Liu, Y. L. (2008). An Examination of Three Models of the Relationships between Parental Attachments and Adolescents’ Social Functioning and Depressive Symptoms. J Youth Adolescence. 37: 941–952.
  30. Muller, R. T.: Sicoli, L. A.: Lemieux, K. E. (2000) Relationship between attachment style and posttraumatic stress symptomatology among adults who report the experience of childhood abuse. Journal of Traumatic Stress.Vol. 13, No. 2.
  31. Muris, P.; Meesters, C.; Berg, S. V. D. (2003). Internalizing and Externalizing Problems as Correlates of Self-Reported Attachment Style and Perceived Parental Rearing in Normal Adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 171–183.
  32. Muris, P.; Meesters, C.; Morren, M.; Moorman, L. (2004). Anger and hostility in adolescents: Relationships with self-reported attachment style and perceived parental rearing styles. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 57, 257–264.
  33. Nelson, J. K.; Bennett, C. S.; (2008). Introduction: Special Issue on Attachment. Clin Soc Work J. 36:3–7.
  34. Roelofs, J.; Meesters, C.; Huurne, M.; Bamelis, L.; Muris, P.(2006). Rearing Behaviors, and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Non-Clinical Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies. Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 331–344.
  35. Roelofs, J.; Meesters, C.; Muris, P. (2008). Correlates of Self-reported Attachment (In)security in Children: The Role of Parental Romantic Attachment Status and Rearing Behaviors. J Child Fam Stud. 17:555–566.
  36. Santrock, J.W. (2001). child development. Companies Higher Education, The Mc Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.
  37. Schaffer, H. R. (1996). Social development. Oxford: Blackwell.
  38. Schwarz, B. & Trommsdorff, G. (2005). The relation between attachment and intergenerational support. Eur J Ageing. 2: 192–199.
  39. Shepley, R. P. (2001). Children diagnosed with attachment disorder: A qualitative study of the parental experiences. [Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTERS OF SCIENCE in Human Development].
  40. Spielberger, C. (2004). encyclopedia of applied psychology.VOLUME 1. Elsevier Inc.
  41. Sroufe, L. A. (1996). Emotional development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  42. Taylor, R. J. (2002). Family Unification With Reactive Attachment Disorder Children: A Brief Treatment. Contemporary Family Therapy 24(3).
  43. Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1992). Intergenerational Transmission of Parenting: A Review of Studies in Nonclinical Populations.Developmental Review.12, 76-99.
  44. Verissimo, M. & Savaterra, F. (2006). Maternal secure-base scripts and children’s attachment security in an adopted sample. Attachment & Human Development. 8(3): 261 – 273.
  45. Zimmermann, P. (2004). Attachment representations and characteristics of friendship relations during adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88, 83 – 101.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار