پیش‌بینی رضایت زناشویی بر اساس سبک‌های دلبستگی و خودمتمایزسازی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مشاوره خانواده

2 دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشگاه یزد

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی رابطه بین سبک‌های دلبستگی بزرگسال و تمایزیافتگی با رضایت زناشویی بود. 209 دانشجوی متأهل تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه تهران به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها شامل سه پرسشنامه بود: پرسشنامه سبک‌های دلبستگی بزرگسال کولینز و رید (1990)، پرسشنامه خودمتمایزسازی (اسکورون و اسمیت، 2003) و پرسشنامه رضایت زناشویی اینریچ.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Predicting Marital Satisfaction on the Basis of Attachment Styles and Differentiation of Self

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Teimoori Asfichi 1
  • Masoud Qolamali Lavasani 2
  • Ali Reza Bakhshayesh 3
1 Tehran university
2 Tehran University
3 Yazd University
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research was to study the association between adult attachment styles and self differentiation with marital satisfaction. Using cluster sampling, 209 married students (110 male & 99 female) of Tehran University were randomly selected. The data were collected using three Questionnaires: The adult attachment style scale (Colins & Read 1990), differentiation of self inventory (Skowron & Smith, 2003), and Enrich marital satisfaction scale. Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analysis (stepwise) were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that students who had secure attachment style, were significantly higher on marital satisfaction than those with avoidant and anxious styles. It was found that there is a positive significant correlation between self differentiation and marital satisfaction and there was no difference between men and women on self differentiation but men had a higher marital satisfaction than women. It was also observed that more secure attachment is associated with higher self differentiation. In addition, results showed that I- position, emotional cutoff, emotional reaction, dependency and gender variables are the best predictors of marital satisfaction accounting for 52.7% of variance. The research emphasizes on the importance of experiences at original family in shaping the subsequent intimate relationships and marital satisfaction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • self differentiation
  • attachment style
  • marital satisfaction
  1. پاکدامن، ش. (1385). بررسی ارتباط بین دلبستگی و جامعه‌طلبی در نوجوانان. پایان‌نامه‏ دکتری روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
  2. پناغی، ل.، پیروزی، د.، قیصر، م.، مینو، ش.، و ف، ب. (1391). رابطه سبک‌های دلبستگی و خشونت دیدگی در زنان. فصلنامه خانواده‌پژوهی، 29، 21-31.
  3. ثنایی، ب. (1385). مقیاس‌های سنجش خانواده و ازدواج. تهران: انتشارات بعثت.
  4. خوشابی، ک.، و ابوحمزه، ا. (1386). جان بالبی: نظریه دلبستگی. تهران: نشر دانژه.
  5. رضازاده، م. ر. (1381). رابطه سبک‌های دلبستگی و مهارتهای ارتباطی با همسازی زناشویی در دانشجویان. رساله دکتری روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران.
  6. برک، ل. (1389). روان‌شناسی رشد (ترجمه ی. سید محمدی). تهران: انتشارات ارسباران.
  7. حمیدی، ف. (1386). بررسی رابطه دلبستگی با رضایتمندی زناشویی در دانشجویان متأهل دبیری. فصلنامه خانواده‌پژوهی، 9، 453-443.
  8. خانجانی، ز. (1384). تحول و آسیب‌شناسی دلبستگی از کودکی تا نوجوانی. تبریز: انتشارات فروزش.
  9. گلدنبرگ، ا. و گلدنبرگ، ه. (1382). خانواده‌درمانی (ترجمه ح. حسین‌شاهی. و س. نقشبندی). تهران: انتشارات روان. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی، 2002).
  10. نجف‌لویی، ف. (1385). نقش تمایز خود در روابط زناشویی. مجله اندیشه‌های نوین تربیتی، 4، 38-27.
  11. ولدخانی، ج. (1385). بررسی رابطه ی بین منزلت های هویت من و خودمتمایزسازی با رضایت زناشویی. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران.
  12. هالفورد، ک. (1387). زوج‌درمانی کوتاه‌مدت (ترجمه ی. م. تبریزی، م. کاردانی، و ف. جعفری). تهران: انتشارات فراروان. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی، 1999).
  13. یونسی، ف. (1385). هنجاریابی و تعیین ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی آزمون خودمتمایزسازی در بین افراد 25-30 ساله. پایان-نامه کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران.
  14. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. Journal of American psychologist, 49, 331-341.
  15. Alexander, A., & Quab, J. (2005). The oretical advance in understanding children’s memory for distressing events: the role of attachment. Journal of Developmental Review, 22, 490-518.
  16. Banse, R. (2004). Adult attachment and marital satisfaction: Evidence for dyadic configuration effects. Journal of Social and Personal Psychology, 21, 273-282.
  17. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss.vol, 1. New York: Basic books.
  18. Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). New York: Guilford.
  19. Collins, N. L. (1996). Working model of attachment: Implication for explanation, emotion and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 810-831.
  20. Dinaro, R. E., Conger, R. S., Shaver, P., & Widaman, N. K. (2008). Influence family of origin and adult romantic partner on romantic attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 622-632.
  21. Feeney, J., & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 281-291.
  22. Filsinger, E., & Wilson, M. (1983).Social anxiety and marital adjustment. Journal of Family Relation, 83, 513-519.
  23. Fower, B. J. (1991). His and her marriage: A multi variety study of gender and marital satisfaction. Journal of Sex Roles, 24, 209-223.
  24. George, C., & West, M. L. (2003). The adult attachment projective, measuring individual differences in attachment security. Attachment and Human Development, 3, 55-86.
  25. Glad, G. E. (2000). The effect of self differentiation on marital conflict. American Journal of Pastoral Psychology, 2, 65-76.
  26. Gouin, G., Glaser, R., L., & Alarkey, W. (2009). Attachment avoidance predicts inflammatory responses to marital conflict. Brain, Behavior and Immunity Journal, 23, 898-904.
  27. Greef, A. P. (2000). Characteristics of families that function well. Journal of Family Issues, 21, 948-963.
  28. Grotevant, H. D., & Cooper, C. R. (1985). Patterns of interaction in family relationships and the development of identity and role-taking skill in adolescence. Journal of Child Development, 56, 415-28.
  29. Haws, W., & Mallinckrodt, B. (1998). Separation individuation from family of origin and marital adjustment of recently married couple. American Journal of Family Therapy, 26(4), 293-307.
  30. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Psychology, 52, 511-524.
  31. Hireshberger, G., Srivastava, S., Marsh, P., Cowan, P. C., & Cowain, A. P. (2009). Attachment, marital satisfaction and divorce during the first fifteen years of parenthood. Journal of Personality and Relationship, 16, 401-420.
  32. Johnson, S. M. (2003). The revolution in couple’s therapy: A practitioner- scientist perspective. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 29, 365–385
  33. Jenkins, S, M., Buboltz, W., Schwartz, J., & Johonson, P. (2005). Differentiation of self and psychological development. Journal of Developmental Family Therapy, 27, 251-267.
  34. Kikpatrik, L. A., & Davis, E. (1994). Attachment style, gender relationship stability: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Psychology, 66, 502-512.
  35. Kolter, T., & Omodei, M. (1988). Attachment and emotional health. Journal of Human Relationship, 41, 619-640.
  36. Mun, K., & Loy, C.T. (2009). Gender differences in marital and life satisfaction among Chins Malaysian. Journal of Sex Roles, 60, 33-43.
  37. Patrik, S., Sells, J., Giordano, F., & Tollerud, T. (2007). Intimacy, differentiation and personality variables as predictor of marital satisfaction. The Family Journal, 15, 359-367.
  38. Pelage, M. (2008). The relationship between differentiation of self and marital satisfaction: What can be learn from married couple over the course of life? The American Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 388-401.
  39. Popko, O. P. (2002). Bowen theory: A study of differentiation of self, social anxiety and psychological symptom. Journal of Contemporary Family Therapy, 24, 355-370.
  40. Rice, K. G., Fitz Gerald, D. P., Whaley, T. J., & Gibbs ,C. L. (1995). Cross sectional and longitudinal examination of attachment, separation-individuation, and college student adjustment. Journal of Counseling Development, 73, 463-74.
  41. Rhyne, D. (1981). Base of marital satisfaction among men and women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 94, 941-957.
  42. Skowron, E. A. (2000). The role of differentiation of self in marital adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 229-237.
  43. Skowron, E. A., & Dandy, A. K. (2004). Differentiation of self and attachment in adulthood: Relational correlates of effortful control. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 26, 337-357.
  44. Skowron, E. A., & Friedlander, M. L. (1998). The Differentiation of Self Inventory: Development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 235–246.
  45. Skowron, E. A., & Schmitt, T. A. (2003). Assessing interpersonal fusion: Reliability and validity of a new DSI fusion with others subscale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29, 209–222.
  46. Skowron, E. A., Stanley, K., & Shapiro, M. (2009). A longitudinal perspective on differentiation of self, interpersonal, and psychological well-being in young adulthood. Contemporary Family Therapy, 22, 234- 244.
  47. Waring, E. M., & Patton, D. (2005). Marital intimacy and family function. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 9(1), 24-9.
  48. Young, J., Klosko, J., & Weishaar, M. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Guildford.