زندگی مجدد با خانواده پدری بعد از طلاق: مطالعه کیفی

WIntroduction: The experience of divorce is the beginning of a life story with various changes and challenges. In fact, for some divorced women, divorce is a multidimensional tension, and for some, it is the beginning of a new life with new motivations. Whatever the reason for divorce, a significant population of divorced women has shown that they experience various scenarios in the post-divorce world. Life after divorce is considered as a psychological/social transition experience with various manifestations, including challenges in children's relationships with parents, economic problems, cultural/social challenges, women's satisfaction with marital dissolution, avoidance of violence, and the heated atmosphere of living with their spouse. Almost all the debates and controversies revolve around the idea that divorce and life after it are a social issue. Interpreters of life in the postmodern era liken divorced women and men to self-made islands under the control of individuals; therefore, social issues, including the experience of divorce and life after it, are complex phenomena that have both individual consequences and social roots.

Methodology: The method used in this research is qualitative and phenomenological phenomenology focuses on the conscious and unprejudiced experience of everyday life. An attempt has been made to understand the lived experience of the subjects by means of in-depth and semi-structured interviews and to understand and represent the world from their perspective. After obtaining consent from the participants, the interview process began and each interview lasted between 40 and 60 minutes in one session, and ultimately 25 interviews were conducted. In this research, the participants were divorced women (born between 1350-1359) in Tehran in 1403 who have two characteristics: first, they live with their paternal family after divorce and second, they do not have children. Data were collected in the spring of 1403. Considering that in qualitative research, the sample size is based on theoretical saturation, theoretical saturation was achieved with 25 interviews. The sampling method was snowball sampling. And the method of finding participants was through entrusting them to other people, through social networks (WhatsApp, Telegram, ETA, Yes, Soroush). The questions asked in this research were open-ended. Some of the questions asked were: What was your lived experience of living again? What was your understanding and interpretation of the conditions of living again? How did you feel about living again with your father's family? What challenges did you face? Why did you decide to live with your family after the divorce? The method of questioning was through face-to-face interviews and in some cases through social networks such as ETA and WhatsApp in the form of written text, sending voice messages, and making phone calls to informed individuals. The method of data analysis is based on interpretive phenomenology. This research analyzed data at three levels: The first stage, data description: In this stage, each of the interviews was first implemented; The second stage, data reduction: In this stage, the notes are given a chronological order to extract the main elements of the story. The third stage, data interpretation: This is the final stage that seeks to give meaning to the findings and abstract them. In fact, in this stage, an attempt is made to interpret the patterns and meanings derived from the stories. In this study, an attempt has also been made to use the criterion of reliability to validate the interviews; the interviews were returned to the participants again and the accuracy of the content was confirmed and the necessary changes were made.

Findings: The main themes, including (economic problems and challenges, communication issues, physical and mental disorders, cultural and social issues of the family, failure to fulfill the role of father and mother, challenges with the family, sexual issues, entertainment, adherence to religious beliefs, judgment of those around them, distrust) were derived from the lived experience of women.

Conclusion: Individual level (psychological and physical) Women faced feelings of failure, anxiety, and depression. Distrust of new relationships and even of their own abilities developed. Psychological stress from society's negative view could lead to physical problems such as chronic headaches or sleep disorders. 🔹 Family level Returning to the parental home meant re-dependence; this dependence was sometimes accompanied by tension and excessive control. The role of mother or father was not fully fulfilled; children were placed in an ambiguous situation between the mother and the extended family. Challenges with siblings or parents, especially in the area of independence and decision-making, created additional pressure. 🔹 Social and cultural level The traditional society of the 1950s had a negative and judgmental view of divorced women. Restrictions on social and sexual relationships, combined with cultural taboos, placed women in a position of isolation. Adherence to religious beliefs sometimes served as a shield against judgment, but in other cases it also created double pressure. Entertainment and social activities were limited, and women had fewer opportunities to experience independent and free lives. ✨ The general explanation for this set of pressures can be seen as an “intertwined network” in which each layer affects the others. Economic pressure exacerbates family dependence; family pressure increases psychological anxiety; social and cultural pressure reinforces distrust and isolation. As a result, divorced women in the 1950s faced a crisis of identity and social role: they had neither an independent economic position, nor social freedom, nor sufficient psychological support. For this reason, their lived experience can be considered an example of multi-layered structural and cultural pressures that place the individual in a vulnerable position and make it very difficult to rebuild life after separation.