Predicting Marriage Readiness Based on Identity, Intimacy, Desire for Marriage and Optimism Model

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

1 department of psychology, university of mohaghegh ardabili

2 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili - Department of Psychology

Abstract

Purpose of this study is to predict people’s readiness for marriage based on the variables of identity intimacy, desire for marriage and optimism. The methodology was survey and correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of single students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of Allameh Tabatabai, Shahid Beheshti and Tehran university, who were non-randomly selected. Samples of both sexes were examined between the ages of 20 and 35. To conduct this study, 597 people completed the questionnaires, of which 37 participants' responses met the exit criteria and were removed from the sample, and finally 560 people were assigned to be examined by research tools, including the Benign and Adams Identity Questionnaire. The research tools included Benyon and Adams Identity Questionnaire, Ego Strength Psychological List, Marriage Surveillance, Optimism Questionnaire, and Marriage Readiness Criteria. Data analysis was performed through structural equations. The results of the analysis showed that the variables of the study predict a high variance of marriage readiness. In Conclusion, from this research, it can be concluded that Identification, intimacy, desire and optimism about marriage have a significant positive effect on youth marriage readiness, and according to them, marriage readiness in youth can be strengthened and examined.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Altafi, Sh. (1388). Examining and Ccomparing Ego Strength and Personality Traits of Drug Addicts and Non-Addicts. Master's Thesis in Clinical Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran [in Persian].
Amato, P. R. & Previti, D. (2013). People's Reasons for Divorcing: Gender, Social Class, the Life Course, and Adjustment. Journal of Family Issues, 24(5), 602-626. ‌
Arocho, R. (2021). Changes in Expectations to Marry and to Divorce Across the Transition to Adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 9(3), 217-228.
 
Bennion, L. D. & Adams, G. R. (1986). A Revision of the Extended Version of the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status: An Identity Instrument for use with late Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 1(2), 183-197.
Besharat, M.A. Shafii, R. Rahiminejad, A. (2016). The Relationship between Perceived Family Functioning and Identity Styles: The Mediating Role of Ego Strength. Journal of Family Research, 13(49), 7-24 [in Persian].
Britzman, M. J., & Sauerheber, J. D. (2014). Preparing Couples for an Enriched Marriage: A Model in Individual Psychology. The Family Journal, 22(4), 428-436.‌
Bruze, G., Svarer, M., & Weiss, Y. (2015). The Dynamics of Marriage and Divorce. Journal of Labor Economics, 33(1), 123-170.‌
Cheraghi, M. & Ebrahimi, M. (2020). Iranian’s Assumptions and Standards about Marriage and Marital Relationships: Qualitative Analysis of Iranian Proverbs. Journal of Family Research16(3), 294-314[in Persian].
Cordova, J. V., Fleming, C. J., Morrill, M. I., Hawrilenko, M., Sollenberger, J. W., Harp, A. G., ... & Wachs, K. (2014). The Marriage Checkup: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Annual Relationship Health Checkups. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(4), 592.‌
Dupuy, A., & Galichon, A. (2014). Personality Traits and the Marriage Market. Journal of Political Economy, 122(6), 1271-1319.‌
Ebrahimi, N., koraei, A., Abbaspour, Z. & shahbazi, M. (2020). The Effects of Dimensions of Individual Identity on Attitude towards Marriage through Mediating Elements of Marital Horizons among Single Female Postgraduate Students. Women Studies11(31), 1-24 [in Persian].
Fadayi, M., & Naji, A.A. (2018). Investigating the Mediating Role of my Strength Structure in the Relationship between the Dimensions of Parenting and Responsibility. The First New Congress of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences of Tabriz University; Tabriz [in Persian].
Fisher, J. (2018). Identity and Intimacy in the Couple: Three Kinds of Identification. In Intrusiveness and Intimacy in the Couple (pp. 90-120). Routledge.
Grotkowski, K., & Miller, S. A. (2019). Optimists or Optimistic: Replication of a Taximetrics Study on Optimism. Journal of Research in Personality, 82, 103854.‌
Gfellner, B. M., & Armstrong, H. D. (2012). Ego Development, Ego Strengths, and Ethnic Identity among First Nation Adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(2), 225-234.
GholamAlii, B. Jamurpour, S. Suri, A. Sohailizad, M. Khazaei, S. & Noorian, F (2015). Marriage Criteria in Couples about to Get Married Who Referred to the Marriage Counseling Center of Tuysarkan City in 2014, Scientific Journal of Researchers, 14(4), 38-47[in Persian].
Gurman, A. S., Lebow, J. L., & Snyder, D. K. (Eds.). (2015). Clinical Handbook of Couple Therapy, Guilford Publications. ‌
Habibpour Gatabi, K. & Ghaffary, G. (2011). A Study on The Causes of Rising Mariage Age Among Girls, Woman in Development & Politics, 9(1), 7-34 [in Persian].
Heydari, M. & Poue Etemad, H.A. (2003). Constructing and Standardizing the Questionnaire of Marriage Desire Gauge, Student Version (Prasad). Journal of Psychology. 8(31), 250-261[in Persian].
Heydari, S., Azadyekta, M., Kazemi, A. (2023). Identifying the Effective Factors on Reducing the Desire to Marry Using Grounded Theory (GT). Journal of Social Psychology, 11(67), 51-64 [in Persian].
Homaei, R., Bozorgi, Z. D., Ghahfarokhi, M. S. M. & Hosseinpour, S. (2016). Relationship between Optimism, Religiosity and Self-Esteem with Marital Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction. International Education Studies, 9(6), 53-61[in Persian].
Hosseini, H., Sadeghi, R., & Rezaei, A. (2019). Determinants of Delay Marriage among Girls in Iran. Community Development (Rural and Urban)11(1), 147-172 [in Persian].
Imanzadeh, A., Mohammadzadeh, S., & Alipour, S. (2017). Lived Experiences of Graduate Students of Tabriz University for Delayed Marriage: A Phenomenological Research. Journal of Woman in Culture and Arts9(4), 541-560 [in Persian].
Jain, G. (2019). Significance of Marriage as Social Institution in Indian English Writings. Social Values & Society (SVS), 1(1), 17-22. ‌
Khodarahimi, S. (2015). The Role of Marital Status in Emotional Intelligence, Happiness, Optimism and Hope. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 46(3), 351-371[in Persian]. ‌
Khojasteh Mehr, R., Mohammadi, A. & Abbaspour, Z. (2017). A Grounded Theory of Attitudes toward Marriage: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 6(3), 343-354[in Persian].
Killawi, A., Fathi, E., Dadras, I., Daneshpour, M., Elmi, A. & Altalib, H. (2018). Perceptions and Experiences of Marriage Preparation among US Muslims: Multiple Voices from the Community. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 44(1), 90-106. ‌
Kusner, K. G., Mahoney, A., Pargament, K. I. & DeMaris, A. (2014). Sanctification of Marriage and Spiritual Intimacy Predicting Observed Marital Interactions Across the Transition to Parenthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(5), 604. ‌
Lotfi, K., & Rasouli, A. (2018). The Relationship between Marital Quality and Satisfaction of Psychological Needs with Marital Communication Patterns: The Mediating Role of Marital Intimacy. Scientific Journal of Royesh Psychology, 8(9), 69-76[in Persian].
Markstrom, C. A., Sabino, V. M., Turner, B. J. & Berman, R. C. (1997). The Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths: Development and Validation of a New Eriksonian Measure. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(6), 705-732.‌
MiraAhmadi, L. (2018). Investigating the Effect of Training Based on the Marriage Consolidation Model (symbis) on Marriage Expectations and Beliefs Related to the Choice of a Spouse for Unmarried Girls in Shahrekord. Journal of Family Research, 15(1), 24-7[in Persian].
Momeni, Kh.M., Kavoussi, O., & Amani, R. (2014). Predicting Marital Commitment Based on Self-Differentiation, Family Cohesion and Adaptability, and Marital Intimacy. Pathology, Counseling and Family Enrichment, 1(2), 46-58[in Persian].
Perez-Gramaje, A. F., Garcia, O. F., Reyes, M., Serra, E. & Garcia, F. (2019). Parenting Styles and Aggressive Adolescents: Relationships with Self-esteem and Personal Maladjustment. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 12(1), 1-10.‌
Poursharif, H. (2014). Young, Happy and Satisfied with Life, Tehran: Dar al-Hadis[in Persian].
Rahmani Shamsi, J. Zare, A. (2016). Comparison of the Ratio of Marriage to Divorce in the Provinces of the Country during the Years 2014-2015. Statistics (Analytical-Research Bimonthly, 5(3), (33-36) [in Persian].
Rafiq, N. & Rafiq, N. (2016). Impacts of Marital Conflicts on Child Development. I Manager's Journal on Nursing, 6(4), 30.‌
Reshvanlu, F. Keramati, R. Saadati Shamir, A.T. (1391). Optimism and Self-Esteem in Adolescent Girls: The Role of Identity Styles, Applied Psychology Quarterly, 4(16), 56-71 [in Persian].
Rezaei, A. (2019). Factors Delaying the Marriage of Young People, Lorestan Police Science Scientific Journal, 8(29), 1-25[in Persian].
Riahi, M. & Tailors, F. (2017). The Relationship between Attitude towards Parents, Trust in Interpersonal Relationships and Attitude towards Premarital Relationship with Desire to Marry in Single Youths of Isfahan City. Women and family studies, 6(1), 92-469[in Persian].
Saber, M., & Sharifi, H. (2016). Predicting the Dimensions of Academic Conflict Based on Identity Styles in First Grade Female Students of Public High Schools in Tehran. Research in Curriculum Planning, 2(11), 72-85[in Persian].
Sadock, B.J., Zadok V. Al. & Ruiz, P. (2018). Summary of Psychiatry of Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. Translated by Rezaei, Farzin. Tehran. Arjmand [in Persian].
Sánchez-Barricarte, J. J. (2018). Measuring and Explaining the Marriage Boom in the Developed World, The History of the Family, 23(1), 90-108.‌
Santos Mendes Mónico, L. D. & Alferes, V. A. R. (2018). The Effect of Religious Identity on Optimism across the lifespan. In International Workshop on Gerontechnology (pp. 359-377). London: Springer.
Santos, C., & Weiss, D. (2016). “Why not settle down already?” A Quantitative Analysis of the Delay in Marriage. International Economic Review, 57(2), 425-452.‌
Saqzai, A. GolMohammadian, M., & Hojjatkhah, S. M. (2021). Prediction of Willingness to Marry Based on Interpersonal Problems with the Mediation of Love Attitude in College Students. Journal of Cognitive Psychology and Psychiatry, 8(4), 95-109 [in Persian].
Sharifi, K., & Saidi, H. (2018). Prediction of Psychological Well-Being Based on Life Orientation and Optimism. Scientific Journal of Roish Psychology, 4(1), 42-59[in Persian].
Solgi, M. Eskandari, H. Delavar, A. & Borjali, A. (2014). Construction, Validation and Validation of National and Social Identity Test, Educational Measurement Quarterly, 5(20), 54-95[in Persian].
Tayebinia, M. (2015). Analyzing the Tendency of Young People towards Marriage and Identifying its Obstacles and Problems. Quarterly of Sociological Studies of Youth, 6(16), 63-86 [in Persian].
Whitaker, J. & Tonkin, A. (2016). Lifespan Development. In Play in Healthcare for Adults, London: Routledge.‌
Wong, C. W., Kwok, C. S., Narain, A., Gulati, M., Mihalidou, A. S., Wu, P., ... & Mamas, M. A. (2018). Marital Status and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart, 104(23), 1937-1948.