Pathology of Sibling Sub System: Phenomenal World of Sibling in Families with Children with ADHD Disorder; a Qualitative Study

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

1 university of Isfahan

2 university of Kurdistan

Abstract

Introduction: Considering the problems of families with children with ADHD and lack of studies to focus on these damages in background, the purpose of this study was to identify the pathologies of sibling sub system in families with children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Methodology: This research is a qualitative study conducted with phenomenological method. Population consist of all families with children with ADHD what referred to counseling or psychiatric centers. Purposeful sampling was used and included 27 persons. Semi-structured interview was used as an instrument and seven-step method of Colaizzi (1978) was used to analyze the data.
Finding: In this research, the obtained coding information is divided into three types of descriptive, interpretative and explanatory coding, including 3 explanatory codes, 9 interpretative codes and 44 descriptive codes.
Conclusion: Results showed that sibling sub system is influenced by the problems of the child with ADHD in family and causes specific damages and negative influences on this sub system. Therefore, this sub system needs supervision, support and specific training to reduce its damages.

Keywords


  1. Britten, N. (1995). Qualitative interviews in medical research. Biomedical and Life Science Journal, 311 (6999), 251-3
  2. Bussing, R., Mason, DM., Bell, L., Porter, P., Garvan, C.(2010). Adolescent outcomes of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a diverse community sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Jun;49(6):595-605. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.006.
  3. Chronis, A.M., Lahey, B.B., Pelham, W.E., Williams, S.H., Baumann, B.L., Kipp, H., et al. (2007). Maternal Depression and Early Positive Parenting Predict Future Conduct Problems in Young Children with Attentiondeficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, Developmental Psychology, 43: 70-82.
  4. Coghill, D., Soutullo, C. Aubuisson, C., Preuss, U., Lindback, T., Silverberg, M. and Buitelaar, J. (2008). Impact of Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder on the Patient and Family: Results from a European Survey, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2:31, doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-2-31.
  5. Cohen, M., Domburgh, V., Vermerien, R., Geluk, C. H., & Dorelejeers, T., H. (2012). Externalizing psychopathology and persistence of offending in childhood first time arrestees. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 21, 243-251.
  6. Colaizzi, P. F. (1973). Reflection and research in psychology. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.
  7. Coogan, AN., Baird, AL., Popa-Wagner, A., Tome, J. (2016). Circadian rhythms and atention defcit hyperactivity disorder: Te what, the when and the why. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry; 67, 74-81.
  8. Danielle, M., Walerius., Nicholas, D.,.Fogleman.Paul, J.Rosen. (2016). The Role of ADHD and Negative Emotional Lability in Predicting Changes in Parenting Daily Hassles.J Child FAM Stud.25:2279- 2291.
  9. Erica S. F. Wan, Joyce L. C. Ma, Kelly Y. C. Lai, and Julia W. K. Lo.(2016). The Subjective Experiences of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder of Chinese Families in Hong Kong: Co-Construction of Meanings in Multiple Family Groups.journal of National Association of Social Workers. doi: 10.1093/hsw/hlw023.
  10. Foster, K., O’Brien, L., & Korhonen, T. (2012). Developing resilient children and families when parents have mental illness: a family-focused approach. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 21, 3–11.
  11. Hamed, A.M,. Kauer, A.J,. Stevens, H.E. (2015). Why the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder matters. Front. Psychiatry. 6, 168. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  12. Harvey, EA. Metcalfe, LA., Herbert, SD & Fanton, JH. (2011) .The role of family experiences and ADHD in the early development of oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 79, 784–795.
  13. Johnston, C. (2012). Parenting in adults with attention-deficit/hyper activity disorder (ADHD). Clinical Psychology Review, 32(4), 215-228.
  14. King, K., Alexander, D., & Seabi, J. (2016). Siblings’ perceptions of their ADHD-diagnosed sibling’s impact on the family system. The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. doi:10.3390/ijerph13090910.
  15. Lindahl, K., Bregman, H., & Malik, N. (2012). Family boundary structures and child adjustment: The indirect role of emotional reactivity. Journal of Family Psychology, 26,839-847.
  16. Mikami, A.Y.; Pfiffner, L.J. (2008). Sibling relationships among children with ADHD. J. Atten. Disord. 11, 482–492. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  17. Moen, O. L., Hall-Lord, M. L., & Hedelin, B. (2014). Living in a family with a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A phenomenographic study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(21–22), 3166–3176. doi:10.1111/jocn.12559.
  18. Nass, D., & Leventhal, F. (2011). 100 Questions & Answers about Your Child’s ADHD:From Preschool to College, USA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  19. Sadock, J. M. (2015). Kaplan and Sadock’s synopsis of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences /clinical psychiatry, Amazon.
  20. Sanders, M. R., Bor, W., & Morawsk, A. (2007). Maintenance of treatment gains: a Comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed tripple-p-positive parenting program, Journal of abnormal child psychology, 35(6), 983-998.
  21. Shelton, K., & Harold, G. (2008). Inter parental conflict, negative parenting, and children's adjustment: Bridging links between parents' depression and children's psychological distress. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 712-724.
  22. Sollie, H., & Larsson, B. (2016). Parent-reported symptoms, impairment, helpfulness of treatment, and unmet service needs in a follow-up of outpatient children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 70(8), 582–590. doi:10.1080/08039488.2016.1187204.
  23. Wright, LM & Leahey, M. (2009). Nurses and Families: A Guide to Family Assessment and Intervention. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, PA.
  24. Zahedi, K., Fatehizade, M., Bahrami, F., & Jazayeri, R. (2016). The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Parenting Skills Training (CBPST) on the Behavioral Problems of Preschool Children. Review of European Studies, 8(2), 61.