Background and Aim: Mothers of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder face significant stressors and challenges; however, little research has investigated ways to effectively address their psychological distress and adjustment issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing the psychological problems of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Method: The present study was a sub - experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The study statistical population included all the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder referred to Psychiatry Institute of Tehran in 2016 who overall, 30 mothers were selected through purposive non-random sampling method based on specialist diagnosis, and clinical interview. Then participants were randomly allocated into two experimental and control groups. The instrumentals of this study were Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Positive Aspects of Caregiving, and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire who participants completed in pre-test and post-test. Descriptive statistical methods and covariance analysis were used for analysis of the data.
Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that Group- based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was effective in reducing Psychological Problems of experimental group in post- test stage (P< 0005/0).
Conclusions: Group- based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be effective in improving mental health of mothers of autistic children.
حسینیایی، علی؛ احدی، حسن؛ فتی، لادن؛ حیدری، علی رضا؛ مظاهری، محمد علی (1392). تاثیر آموزش گروهی مبتنی بر درمان پذیرش و تعهد بر استرس شغلی و فرسودگی شغلی. مجله روان پزشکی و روان شناسی بالینی ایران، سال نوزدهم، شماره 2، 120-109.
افضلی، آ؛ دلاور، آ؛ برجعلی، آ؛ میرزمانی، م (1386). ویژگیهای روان سنجی مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس (DASS) در یک نمونه از دانش آموزان دبیرستانهای شهر کرمانشاه. مجله تحقیقات و علوم رفتاری، 5، 2، 81-92.
سامانی، سیامک؛ جوکار، بهرام (1386). بررسی اعتبار و روایی فرم کوتاه مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس. مجله علوم اجتماعی و انسانی دانشگاه شیراز، 26، 3، 76-65.
اصغری مقدم، م؛ مهرابیان، ن؛ پاک نژاد، م؛ سعید، ف (1389). ویژگیهای روانسنجی مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس در بیماران با درد مزمن. مجله روان شناسی آموزشی، 40، 13-42.
اصغری مقدم، م؛ سعید، ف؛ دیباج نیا، پ (1387). ویژگیهای روانسنجی خرده مقیاسهای پرسشنامه افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس در یک نمونه غیر بالینی ایرانی. مجله روان شناسی، 2، 82-102.
Roff, L. L, Burgio, L. D., Gitlin, L., Nichols, L., Chaplin, W., Hardin, J. M. (2004). Positiveaspects of Alzheimer's caregiving: The role of race. Journals of Gerontology Series B PsychologicalSciences and Social Sciences, 59(4), 185-190.
Tarlow, B. J., Wisniewski, S. R., Belle, S. H., Rubert, M., Ory, M. G., Gallagher-Thompson,D. (2004). Positive aspects of caregiving: Contributions of the REACH Project to thedevelopment of new measures for Alzheimer's caregiving. Research on Aging, 26(4),429-453.
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J. Toney, L. (2006). Using self-reportassessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27-45.
Lovibond, S. H., Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for depression anxiety stress scales. 2nd ed. Sydney: Psychology Foundation.
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T.,Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance andAction Questionnaire-II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility andexperiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676-688.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Lecavalier, L., Leone, S., Wiltz, J. (2006). The impact of behaviour problems on caregiverstress in young people with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Intellectual DisabilityResearch, 50, 172-183.
Kowalkowski, J.D. (2012). The impact of a group- based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention on parents of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Masters theses and Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan.
Foody, C. (2013). An examination of selected psychophysiological parameters of stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Dissertation submitted in parital fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy behavior analysis, University of Ireland.
Eisenhower, A. S., Baker, B. L., Blacher, J. (2005). Preschool children with intellectual disability: Syndrome specificity, behaviour problems, and maternal well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 657-671.
Allik, H., Larsson, J-O., Smedje, H. (2006). Health-related quality of life in parents of school-age children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 4, 1-8.
Mugno, D., Ruta, L., D’Arrigo, V. G., Mazzone, L. (2007). Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5, 22-30.
Smith, L. E., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S. (2012). Daily health symptoms of mothers of adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome and mothers of192adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 1836-1846.
Hastings, R. P., Kovshoff, H., Ward, N. J., Espinosa, F. D., Brown, T., Remington, B. (2005).System analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers andfathers of preintervention-school children with autism. Journal of Autism and DevelopmentalDisorders, 35(5), 635–644.
Kim, I., Ekas, N.V., Hock, R. (2016). Associations between child behavior problems, family management, and depressive symptoms for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder, 26, 80-90.
Bitsika, V., Sharpely, C. F. (2004). Stress, anxiety and depression amongparents of childrenwith autism spectrum disorders. Australian Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 14, 151-161.
Dillenburger, K., Keenan, M., Doherty, A., Byrne, T., Gallagher, S. (2010). Living with children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder: Parental and professional views. British Journal of Special Education, 37, 13-23.
Gallagher, S., Whiteley, J. (2012). Social support is associated with blood pressure responses in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33, 2099-2105.
Annelies, A., Nadia, C., Ivan, N. (2013). Mindfulness- based therapy in adults with an autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34, 246-253.
Conner, C.M., White, S.W. (2014). Stress in mothers of children with autism: Trait mindfulness as a protective factor. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder,8, 617-624.
Costa, A.P., Steffgen, G., Ferring, D. (2017). Contributors to well- being and stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder, 37, 61-72.
Gould, E.R., Tarbox, J., Coyne, L. (2017). Evalualing the effects of acceptance and commitment training on the overt behavior of parents of children with autism. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 1-8. In printing
amini fasakhoudi, M. (2018). The Effectiveness of a Group- based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Problems Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Family Research, 14(2), 277-293.
MLA
maryam amini fasakhoudi. "The Effectiveness of a Group- based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Problems Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder", Journal of Family Research, 14, 2, 2018, 277-293.
HARVARD
amini fasakhoudi, M. (2018). 'The Effectiveness of a Group- based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Problems Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder', Journal of Family Research, 14(2), pp. 277-293.
VANCOUVER
amini fasakhoudi, M. The Effectiveness of a Group- based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Problems Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Family Research, 2018; 14(2): 277-293.