The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on the MotherـChild Relationship in Mothers of Children with Hearing Problems

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Author

Department of educating exceptional children, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of life skills training on the mother-child relationship in mothers of children with hearing problems. The study’s procedure was experimental with pretest-posttest design employing a control group. The participants include 36 mothers of children with hearing problems in Shiraz who were selected by an available sampling method and assigned into experimental and control group, randomly; hence, each group included 18 mothers. Both groups had undergone a pre-test. The experimental group received life skills training in 12 sessions while the control group did not. After the intervention period the post-test was administered for both groups. The Roth mother-child relationship strategies scale (1961) was employed to assess the mother-child relationship strategies. The data analyses by ANCOVA showed that there was a significant effect in the mean score of mother-child relationship in mothers of children with hearing problems in the experimental group (p<0/0001) and increased the acceptance of child and reduced the overprotection, the overindulgence and the child rejection among the mothers of experimental group. Therefore, life skills training program construction and employment are highly recommendable to improve mother-child relationship strategies among mothers of children with hearing problems.

Keywords

References

  1. ابارشی، ز.، طهماسیان، ک.، مظاهری، م. ع.، و پناغی، ل. (1389). تأثیر آموزش برنامه ارتقای رشد روانی ـ اجتماعی کودک از طریق بهبود تعامل مادر کودک بر خوداثرمندی والدگری و رابطه مادر و کودک زیر سه سال. فصلنامه پژوهش در سلامت روا‌ن‌شناختی، 3 (3) 57ـ49.
  2. امیری برمکوهی، ع. (1388). اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی بر کاهش افسردگی. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تحولی: روان‌شناسان ایرانی، 5 (20)،306ـ279.
  3. پورسید، س. ر.، حبیب‌الهی، س.، و فرامرزی، س. (1389). اثربخشی برنامه آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی بر میزان سازگاری دانشجویان نابینا و کم‌بینا. مجله راهبردهای آموزشی، 3 (1)، 11ـ7.
  4. ثمری، ع. ا.، و لعلی فاز، ا. (1384). مطالعه اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی بر استرس خانوادگی و پذیرش اجتماعی. فصلنامه اصول بهداشت روانی، 7 (26و 27)، 55ـ47.
  5. ضمیری، ر. (1384). بررسی رابطه بین نوع زایمان و رابطه عاطفی کودک و مادر در دختران مقطع پیش‌دبستانی (مهد کودک‌های تحت نظارت سازمان بهزیستی شهرستان مشهد). پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن.
  6. عابدی‌شاپورآبادی، ث.، پورمحمدرضای تجریشی، م.، محمدخانی، پ.، و فرضی، م. (1391). اثربخشی برنامه گروهی والدگری مثبت بر روابط مادرـ کودک در کودکان با اختلال بیش‌فعالی/ نارسایی توجه. مجله روان‌شناسی بالینی، 4 (3) 73ـ63.
  7. علی‌اکبری دهکردی، م.، علی‌پور، ا.، چیمه، ن.، و محتشمی، ط. (1391). اثر روش‌درمانی پاسخ‌محور مبتنی بر والدین در بهبود کودکان دارای اوتیسم. فصلنامه ایرانی کودکان استثنایی، 14(1)، 27ـ24.
  8. فتحعلی لواسانی، ف. (1378). برنامه آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی، سمینار آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
  9. ملک‌پور، م.، فراهانی، ح.، آقایی، ا.، و بهرامی، ع. (1385). تأثیر آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی بر کاهش فشار روانی مادران کودکان عقب‌مانده ذهنی و عادی. مجله پژوهش در حیطه کودکان استثنایی، 6 (2)، 676ـ661.
  10. موللی، گ. (1391)، کودک من کم‌شنواست. تهران: دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی.
  11. میلانی‌فر، ب. (1391). روان‌شناسی کودکان و نوجوانان استثنایی. تهران: قومس.
  12. نجاتی، و.، ملکی، ق.، ذبیح‌زاده، ع.، و احمدی، خ. (1391). مقایسه نقش خانواده و مراکز بهزیستی در کیفیت زندگی کم‌توانان ذهنی تربیت‌پذیر. فصلنامه خانواده‌پژوهی، 8 (30)، 166ـ162.
  13. نجفی، م.، بیگدلی، ا.، دهشیری، غ.، رحیمیان بوگر، ا.، و طباطبایی، م. (1391). نقش مهارت‌های زندگی در پیش‌بینی سلامت روان دانش‌آموزان. فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی، 3 (11)، 34ـ28
  14. هادی‌زاد، ت. (1393). اثربخشی آموزش تاب‌آوری بر رابطه مادر ـ کودک در مادران با کودکان کم‌توان ذهنی. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی.
  15. هانتر، ک. (1989). راهنمای آموزش زندگی. ترجمه ن. عبدالله‌زاده (1378). تهران: صندوق کودکان سازمان ملل متحد (یونیسف).
  16. Abareshi, V., Tahmasian, K., Mazaheri, M. A., & Panaghi, L. (2010). [The Impact of Psychosocial Child Development Training Program, Done through Improvement of MotherـChild Interaction, on Parental SelfـEfficacy and Relationship between Mother and Child under Three]. Research Journal of Psychological Health, 3 (3), 49ـ57 [in Persian].
  17. Abedy Shapoorabady, S., Pourmohammadreza Tajrishi, M., Mohammad Khani, P., & Farzi, M. (2012). [The effectiveness of a positive parenting program on motherـchild relationships on children with hyperactivity disorder / attention deficit]. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 4 (3), 63ـ73 [in Persian].
  18. Aliakbari Dehkordi, M., Alipor, A., Chimeh, N., & Mohtasham, T. (2012). [The Effectiveness of ParentـBased Pivotal Response Treatment on Improvement of Children with Autism]. Iranian Journal of Exceptional Children, 12(1), 1ـ12 [in Persian].
  19. Amiri Barmkoohi, A. (2009). [Training life skills for Decreasing Depression]. Research Journal of developmental psychology: Iranian psychologists, 5 (20), 279ـ306 [in Persian].
  20. Aslani, L., Azkhosh, M., Movallali, G., Younesi, S. J., & Salehy, Z. (2014). [The Effectiveness of Resiliency Training Program on the Components of Quality of Life in Mothers with HearingـImpaired Children]. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 4(3), 62ـ 66.
  21. Bandura, A. (1982). Selfـefficacy mechanisms in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122ـ147.
  22. Barlow, J. H., Powell, L., Gilchrist, M., & Fotiadou, M. (2009). The effectiveness of the training and support program for parents of children with disabilities: A randomized controlled Trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 55ـ62.
  23. Botvin, G. J., & Griffin, K. W. (2012). Longـterm outcomes from Blueprints model programs: Life Skills Training. Violence Prevention Conference. San Antonio, TX, April 11ـ14, 2012.
  24. Cassettari, C. L., WadnerkarـKamble, M. B., & James, D. M. (2015). Enhancing Parent–Child Communication and Parental SelfـEsteem with a VideoـFeedback Intervention: Outcomes with Prelingual Deaf and HardـofـHearing Children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 1(3), 1–9.
  25. Dempsey, I., Keen, D., Pennell, D. O., Reilly, J., & Neilands, J. (2009). Parent stress, parenting competence and familyـ centered support to young children with an intellectual or developmental disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(3), 558ـ566.
  26. Esmaeilinasab, M., Malek Mohamadi, D., Ghiasvand, Z., & Bahrami, S. (2014). Effectiveness of life skills training on increasing selfـesteem of high school students. Procedia ـ Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1043 – 1047.
  27. Fathali Lavassani, F. (1989). [Life skills training, life skills training seminar]. Tehran: University of Tehran Publication [in Persian].
  28. HadyZad, T. (2014). The effectiveness of resiliency training on relationship of Mother- Child among mothers of children with mental retardation. Master's thesis. University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences) [in Persian].
  29. Hanter, C. (1989). Life training guide (N. Abdullah Zadeh, Trans.) Tehran: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) [in Persian].
  30. Hazard, W. R., Andres, R., & Bierman, E. L. (1990). Principles of geriatric medicine and gerontology. 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw–Hill.
  31. Jackson, C. (2011). Family supports and resources for parents of children who are deaf or hard of hearing. American Annals of the Deaf, 156, 343ـ362.
  32. Katz, j. (2010). Handbook of clinical audiology. 3rd Ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  33. Kazemi, R., Momeni, S., & Abolghasemi, A. (2014). The effectiveness of life skill training on selfـesteem and communication skills of students with dyscalculia. Procedia ـ Social and Behavioral Sciences, 114, 863 – 866.
  34. Khanzadeh, A. A., & Yeganeh, T (2013). The Effects of Life Skills Training on Marital Satisfaction. Procedia ـ Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 769 – 772.
  35. Koohi, R., Movallai, G., & Kakavandi, K. (2015). Is Hearing Loss of Child Expose Mother and Child with Hearing Loss Relationship? International Journal of Applied Behavioral Science (IJABS), 2 (3), 231ـ232.
  36. Lam, K. W., Stewart, W. F., & Kelly, M. (2008). Effects of patent skills training with behavioral couples Therapy for alcoholism on children: A randomized clinical pilot trail. Addictive Behaviors, 33(8), 1076–1080.
  37. Lderberg, A. R., & Mobley, C. E. (1990). The effect of hearing impairment on the quality of attachment and mother – toddler interaction. Child Development, 61, 1596 ـ1604.
  38. Malekpour, M., Farahani, H., Aghaei, A., & Bahrami, A. (2006). [Life skills education impact on reducing the stress of mothers of mentally retarded children and normal]. Journal of Research on Exceptional Children, 6 (2), 661ـ676.
  39. Milani far, B. (2012). [Children and Adolescents Abnormal Psychology]. Tehran: Qumes Publication [in Persian].
  40. Mitchell, K. L. (2005). The impact of anger management training on students of skills for managing anger. Retrieved 6 Jun, 2005 from www.articles.philly.com.
  41. Movallali, G. (2012). [My child has hearing problems]. Tehran: University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Publication [in Persian].
  42. Movallali, G., Dousti M., & AbediـShapourabadi, S. (2015). The Effectiveness of Positive Parenting Program (triple P) on Mental Health of Parents of Hearing Impaired Children. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 5 (5), 286ـ290.
  43. Najafi, M., Bigdely, I., Dehshiri, G., Rahimian Boogar, E., & Tabatabai, M. (2012). [The role of life skills in predicting mental health]. Research Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 3(11), 28ـ34 [in Persian].
  44. Naseri, A., & Babakhani, N. (2014). The effect of life skills training on physical and verbal aggression male delinquent adolescents Marginalized in Karaj. Procedia ـ Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4875 – 4879.
  45. National Center for Hearing Assessment & Management (2006). Prevalence of Permanent Congenital Hearing Loss. Retrieved from: www.infanthearing.org www.infanthearing.org/.../prevalenceofcongentialhearingloss-2003-09.pdf
  46. Nejati, V., Maleki, G., Zabihzadeh, A., & Ahmadi, K. (2012). [Comparing the Role of Family and WellـBeing Centers in Quality of Life of Trainable Mental Retarded]. Journal of Family Research, 8(2), 161ـ171 [in Persian].
  47. Padrone, F. J., (1994). Psychotherapeutic issues with family members of person with disabilities. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 48 (2), 195ـ207.
  48. Pohan, M. N., Hinduan, Z. R., Riyanti, E., Mukaromah, E., Mutiara, T., Tasya, A & et al. (2011). HIVـAIDS prevention through a lifeـskills school based program in Bandung, west java, Indonesia: evidence of empowerment and partnership in education. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 526–530.
  49. Pourseyyed, S. R., Habibollahi S., & Faramarzi, S. (2010). [Effectiveness of life skills educational program on blind and lowـvision university students’ compatibility]. Journal of Educational Strategies, 3(1), 7ـ11 [in Persian].
  50. Quittner, A. L., Barker, D. H., Cruz, I., Snell, C., Grimley, M. E., Botteri, M., & et al (2010). Parenting stress among parents of deaf and hearing children: associations with language delays and behavior problems. Parent Scientific Practice, 10(2), 136–155.
  51. Roth, M. R. (1961). Manual the Motherـ child Relationship Evaluation. Canada: Western Psychological Services.
  52. Samari, A. A. & La’liFaz, A. (2005). [Effectiveness of life skills training on family stress and social acceptance]. Journal of Mental Health, 7 (26 &27), 47ـ55 [in Persian].
  53. Sanders, M. R., Markie-Dadds., C., Tully, L. A. & Bor, W. (2000). The triple positive parenting program: A comparison of enhanced, standard, and self – directed behavior family intervention for parents of children with early onset conduct and hearing loss problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 624-640.
  54. Schlesinger, H. S. (1987). Effects of powerlessness on dialogue and development: Disability, poverty, and the human condition. In B. W. Heller, L. S. Flohr, & L. S. Zegans (Eds.). Psychosocial interventions with sensorially disabled persons (pp. 1–27). Orlando, FL: Grune and Stratton.
  55. Shinn, M. M. (2013). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy with a Deaf and Hard of Hearing Family. Clinical Case Studies, 12(6), 411–427.
  56. Sobhi Gharamaleki, N., & Rajabi, S. (2010). Efficacy of life skills training on increase of mental health and selfـsteam of the students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1818ـ1822.
  57. Spencer, P. E., & Gutfreund, M. K. (1990). Directiveness in motherـinfant interactions. In D. F. Moores & K. P. Meadow (Eds.). Educational and development aspects of deafness (pp. 350ـ365). Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
  58. Tayyebi Ramin, Z., Dadkhah, A., Bahmani, B., & Movallali, G. (2014). Effectiveness of Group Logo therapy on increasing the Quality of the Mothers` Life of Hearing Impaired Children. Applied Psychology, 6, 18ـ26.
  59. Thanomwan, P., Kanokـlin, S., & Tang Keow, N. (2015). Influence of Teacher Competency Factors and Students’ Life Skills on Learning Achievement. Procedia ـ Social and Behavioral Sciences 186, 566 – 572.
  60. Turner, K. M., Richards, M., & Sander, M. R. (2007). Randomized clinical trial of a group parent education program for Australian indigenous families. Journal of pediatrics and child health, 43(6), 42ـ9.
  61. Vacca, J. (2006). Parent perceptions of raising a child with a severe physical disability: Implications for mental health providers. Journal of Best Practices in Mental Health, (2)1, 75ـ89.
  62. Vatankhah, H., Daryabari, D., Ghadami, V., & Khanjan Shoeibi, E. (2014). Teaching how life skills (anger control) affect the happiness and selfـesteem of Tonekabon female students. Procedia ـ Social and Behavioral Sciences 116, 123 – 126.
  63. Zamiri, R., (1995). [Investigating the relationship between type of delivery and affective relationship between mother and child in pre-school grade girls, Kindergardens Under the supervision of Welfare Organization of Mashhad City]. Master's thesis. Islamic Azad University of Roudehen [in Persian].
Journal of Family Research
Volume 12, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
December 2016
Pages 483-500

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics