This research examined the role of attachment styles and cognitive emo-tional regulation strategies on emotional-behavioral problems in foster care and nonfoster care adolescents. The method of study was causal-comparison. The population was all foster care adolescents of foster care center in Ardebil. A sample of 30 foster care adolescents selected through available sampling method and compared with 30 nonfoster care adolescents selected randomly and completed the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, Youth Self-Report behavioral problems list, and attachment styles scale. Regression analyses revealed anxious and avoidant attachment and rumination in foster care adolescents, and anxious attachment and catastrophizing attachment in nonfoster adolescents predicted internalizing symptoms. In foster care adolescents rumination and anxious attachment were significant predictors of externalizing symptoms in nonfoster care adolescents we found that blaming other, anxious attachment, positive reassessment, catastrophizing and rumination were significant predictors of externalizing symptoms. In foster care adolescents anxious and avoidant attachment style was more frequent than security attachment and apply more maladaptive strategies of self-blaming, rumination, catastrophizing and blaming others; and internalizing symptoms are more evident in them in comparison to nonfoster adolescents. Accordingly it seems that foster care adolescents use more insecure attachment styles and use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.
دستور‌العمل تخصصی مراقبت و پرورش کودک. (1387). سازمان بهزیستی کشور. تهران: انتشارات سازمان بهزیستی کشور.
سالنامه آماری بهزیستی، معاونت فرهنگی و اجتماعی. (1390). تهران: انتشارات سازمان بهزیستی کشور.
سید موسوی، پ.؛ نادعلی، ح. و قنبری، س. (1387). بررسی رابطه سبک‌های فرزندپروری و نشانگان برونی‌سازی شده در کودکان 7 تا 9 سال. فصلنامه خانواده‌پژوهی، 4 (13)، 49-37.
فتحی، ک. و مهرابی‌زاده هنرمند، م. (1387). بررسی میزان افسردگی، هیجان‌خواهی، پرخاشگری، سبک‌های دلبستگی و تحصیلات والدین به عنوان پیش‌بین‌های وابستگی به مواد مخدر در نوجوانان پسر شهر اهواز. مطالعات تربیتی و روان-شناسی. 9 (2): 45-23.
کاظمی، س.آ.؛ موحدی، ب.؛ گرامی‌زادگان، آ. و اسدی خلیلی، ن.خ. (1391). حقوق کودکان در جمهوری اسلامی ایران: حقوق اجتماعی و اقتصادی کودکان. انشارات: یونیسف.
مینایی، ا. (1384). هنجاریابی نظام سنجش مبتنی بر تجربه آخن‌باخ. تهران: انتشارات سازمان آموزش و پرورش کودکان استثنایی.
نعمت‌اللهی، م. و طهماسبی، س. (1393). بررسی تأثیر آموزش مهارت‌های سازگاری به والدین بر کاهش مشکلات رفتاری کودکان. فصلنامه خانواده‌پژوهی، 10 (38)، 174-159.
یوسفی، ف. (1386). راهبردهای شناختی تنظیم هیجان و ارتباط آن با افسردگی و اضطراب در دانش‌آموزان راهنمایی. فصلنامه پژوهش در حیطه کودکان استثنایی، 6 (4)، 892-871.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school age form and profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth and families.
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217–237.
Barber, J. G., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2002). The plight of disruptive children in out-of-home care. Children’s Services. Social Policy, Research, and Practice, 5, 201-212.
Baumeister, R. F. & Vohs, K. D. (2004). Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications. New York: Guilford Press.
Bernedo, I. M., Salas, M. D., Garcia-Martin, M. A., & Fuentes, M. J. (2012). Teacher assessment of behavior problems in foster care children. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 615–621.
Besharat, M.A., Bazazian, S., Ghorbani, N., Asghari, M.S. (2014). [Predicting children's integrative self-knowledge in terms of parenting characteristics of parents]. Journal of Family Research, 10 (1), 65-78 [in Persian].
Bilancia, S.D, & Rescorla, L. (2010). Stability of behavioral and emotional problems over 6 years in children ages 4 to 5 or 6 to 7 at Time 1. Journal of Emotional Behavior Disorder, 18, 149–161.
Bretherton, I. (1997). Bowlby’s legacy to developmental psychology. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 28, 33–43.
Denham, S. A., Blair, K. A., DeMulder, E., Levitas, J., Sawyer, K., Auerbach-Major, S., & Queenan, P. (2003). Preschool emotional competence: Pathway to social competence. Child Development, 74, 238-256.
Doron, J., Thomas-Ollivier, V., Vachon, H., & Fortes-Bourbousson, M. (2013). Relationships between cognitive coping, self-esteem, anxiety and depression: A cluster-analysis approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 515-520.
Ehring, T., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Schnulle, J., Fischer, S., & Gross, J. (2010). Emotion regulation and vulnerability to depression: Spontaneous versus instructed use of 122 emotion suppression and reappraisal. Emotion, 10, 563-572.
Fathi K, & Mehrabi Zade Honarmand, M. (2008). [Prevalence of depression, sensation seeking, aggression, attachment styles and parental education as a predictor of drug dependence in adolescents Ahwaz city]. Educational and psychological studies, 9 (2), 23-45 [in Persian].
Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburtg, M. J., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A. M., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behaviour: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 81(2), 435–456.
Fernandez, E. (2008). Unravelling emotional, behavior and educational outcomes in a longitudinal study of children in foster care. British Journal of Social Work, 38, 1283–1301.
Garnefski, N., Boon, S., & Kraaij, V. (2003). Relationship between cognitive strategies of adolescents and depressive symptomatology across different types of life events. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 401-408.
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311–1327.
Graziano, P., Reavis, R., Keane, S, & Calkins, S. (2007). The role of emotion regulation in children's early academic success. Journal of School Psychology, 45, 3-19.
Hasani, J. (2008). [Psychometric properties of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire]. Clinical Psychology, 3 (7), 73-84 [in Persian].
Howe, D., & Feamley, S. (2003). Disorders of attachment in adopted and fostered children: Recognition and treatment. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, 369-387.
Kazemi, S. A., Movahedi, B., Geramizadegan, A., & Asadi Khalili, N. K. (2012). [Children's rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Social and economic rights of children]. UNICEF Publication [in Persian].
Keller, T. E., Wetherbee, K., Le Prohn, N. S., Payne, V., Sim, K., & Lamont, E. R. (2001). Competencies and problems behaviour of children in family foster care: Variations by kinship placement status and race. Children and Youth Services Review, 23(12), 915–940.
Lawrence, C. R., Carlson, E. A., & Egeland, B. (2006). The impact of foster care on development. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 57–76.
Lowel, A., Renk, K., & Adgate, A. H. (2014). The role of attachment in the relationship between child maltreatment and later emotional and behavioral functioning. Child Abuse & Neglect, 1-14.
McWey, L. (2004). Predictors of attachment styles of children in foster care: an attachment theory model for working with families. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30 (4), 439-452.
Minaie, A. (2006). [Adaptation and standardization Achenbach Child behavior Checklist: a questionnaire survey and TRF]. Research Exceptional Children, 19(1), 529-558 [in Persian].
Muller, R. T., Thornback, K., & Bedi, R. (2012). Attachment as a Mediator between Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Symptomatology. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 243-255.
Needell B, & Barth R. (1998). Infants entering foster care compared to other infants using birth status indicators. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22, 1179–1187.
Nematollahi, M. A, & Tahmasebi, S. (2014). [The Effectiveness of Parents' Skills Training Program on Reducing Children's Behavior Problems]. Journal of Family Research, 10 (2), 159-174 [in Persian].
Pakdaman, Sh. (2004). [The relationship between attachment and socialization in adolescents]. Psychological Science, 3 (9), 25-47 [in Persian].
Pears, K. C., Heywood, C. V., Kim, H. K., & Fisher, P. A. (2011). Prereading deficits in children in foster care. School Psychology Review, 40(1), 140–148.
Plessis, B.D., Kaminer, D., Hardy, A., & Benjamin, A. (2015). The contribution of different forms of violence exposure to internalizing and externalizing symptoms among young South African adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 4 (12), 135-143.
Professional child care and development recipe. (2008). Tehran: The Welfare Organization of Iran [in Persian].
Seyyed Mousavi P, NadAli, H, Ghanbari S. (2008). [Examine the relationship between parenting styles and externalizing symptoms in children 7 to 9 years]. Journal of Family Research, 13 (4), 37-49 [in Persian].
Smith, M. c. (1998). Sibling placement in foster care: an exploration of associated concurrent preschool-aged child functioning. Children and Youth Services Review, 20, 389-412.
Snowden, J., Leon, S., & Sieracki, B. (2008). Predictors of children in foster care being adopted: A classification tree analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 1318–1327.
Statistical Annual Book of the Welfare Organization. Cultural and social department (2011). Tehran: The Welfare Organization of Iran [in Persian].
Stovall, K.C., & Dozier, M. (1998). Infants in foster care: An attachment theory perspective. Adoption Quarterly, 2, 55–88.
Strijker, J., & Knorth, E. J. (2009). Factors associated with the adjustment of foster children in the Netherlands. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79, 421–429.
Trentacosta, C, & Izard, C. (2007). Kindergarten children's emotion competence as a predictor of their academic competence in first grade. Emotion, 7, 77-88.
Vanschoonlandt, F., Vanderfaeillie, J., Van Holen, F., De Maeyer, S., & Robberechts, M. (2013). Parenting stress and parenting behavior among foster mothers of foster children with externalizing problems. Children and Youth Service Review, 35, 1742-1750.
Yoosefi, F. (2007). [The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression and anxiety in students]. Research on Exceptional Children, 6 (4), 871-892 [in Persian].
Pourmohseni Koluri, F., Irani Kolur, S. A., & Tehranizade, M. (2015). The Role of Attachment Styles and Emotion Regulation Strategies in prediction of Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Foster Care and non-Foster Care Adolescents. Journal of Family Research, 11(4), 491-512.
MLA
Fereshteh Pourmohseni Koluri; Seyed Adel Irani Kolur; Maryam Tehranizade. "The Role of Attachment Styles and Emotion Regulation Strategies in prediction of Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Foster Care and non-Foster Care Adolescents", Journal of Family Research, 11, 4, 2015, 491-512.
HARVARD
Pourmohseni Koluri, F., Irani Kolur, S. A., Tehranizade, M. (2015). 'The Role of Attachment Styles and Emotion Regulation Strategies in prediction of Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Foster Care and non-Foster Care Adolescents', Journal of Family Research, 11(4), pp. 491-512.
VANCOUVER
Pourmohseni Koluri, F., Irani Kolur, S. A., Tehranizade, M. The Role of Attachment Styles and Emotion Regulation Strategies in prediction of Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Foster Care and non-Foster Care Adolescents. Journal of Family Research, 2015; 11(4): 491-512.
)