The Relationship Between Parental Hostility and Adolescents' Internalizing Problems with Mediating Role of Triangulation

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

1 Shahid Beheshti University

2 Alzahra University

Abstract

Family is complex and intertwined system that its relationships are shaped by members' interactions. Healthy communication is vital to raise a family. The aim of present research is to investigate the mediating effect of triangulation between parental overt hostility and behavioral problems in adolescents. 900 students (450 daughters and 450 mothers) were selected through acidental cluster sampling. They completed Triangulation-Adolescent and Parent-Questionnaires, O'Leary-Porter Overt Hostility Scale and Youth Self Report (YSR) based on Achenbach System of Empirically Assessment. Path analysis was used for analyzing data. Mediating effect of triangulation between parental overt hostility and internalizing problems were not observed completely but partially. It is suggested that couples keep away their teens during marital problems and conflicts and manage to properly regulate emotions and stress parents are less involved.

Keywords


  1. قره‌باغی، ف. و وفایی، م. (1387). نقش ارزیابی کودک از تعارض والدین، مقابله شناختی کودک با تعارض و مزاج وی در سلامت کودک. تازه‌های شناختی، سال 10، شماره 4، 14-26.
  2. عابدی، ع. (1387). بررسی اثربخشی هنر درمانی خلاق گروهی با رویکرد روایتی ‌ـ‌ شناختی بر مشکلات درونی‌سازی شده و خودکارآمدی نوجوانان بی‌سرپرست و بد‌سرپرست، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
  3. صادقی، م؛ مظاهری، م.ع. و حیدری، م. (1390). بررسی رفتارهای ارتباطی ‌ـ نظارتی والدین در وضعیت‌های مختلف تحصیلی ‌ـ ‌اجتماعی فرزندان دانشجو. فصلنامه خانواده‌پژوهی. شماره 25، 55-35.
  4. صادقی، م. و مظاهری، م.ع. (1386). کیفیت رابطه والد‌ ـ‌ فرزند پیش‌شرط تربیت دینی فرزندان. فصلنامه خانواده‌پژوهی، دوره سوم، شماره 9، 490-470.
  5. مظاهری، م. ع؛ صادقی، م. و حیدری، م. (1387). مقایسه ادراک و آرمان ساختار خانواده در والدین و فرزندان جوان آن‌ها. فصلنامه خانواده‌پژوهی، دوره چهارم، شماره 16، 351-329.
  6. Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. (2001). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington, VT: University Associates in Psy-chiatry.
  7. Anderson, J. R. (2005). Triangulation between Elderly Parents and Adult Children. Department of Marriage and Family Therapy.School of Family Life.Brigham Young University.Approach. New York: Basic Books.
  8. Amato, P. R., & Afifi, T. D. (2006). Feeling Caught Between Parents: Adult Children's Relations & Subjective Well-being. Journal of marriage and family, 68, 222-235.
  9. Amato, P. R. & Fowler.F. (2012). Parenting practices. Child adjustment and family diversity. Journal of marriage and the family, 64: 703-716.
  10. Achenbach, T. M., &Edelbrock, C. (2001). Manual for Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington, VT: University Associates in Psychiatry.
  11. Barber, C. N., Joanna Ball, M.A. & Armistead, L. (2013). Parent-Adolescent Relationship and Adolescent Psychological Functioning Among African- American Female Adolescents: Self-Esteem as a Mediator. Journal of Child and Family Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 361-374.
  12. Byrne, S., Rodrigo, M. J., & Martin, J. C. (2012). Influence of form and timing of social support on parental outcomes of a child-maltreatment prevention program. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(12), 2495–2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.-childyouth. 2012.09.016.
  13. Bowen, M. (1974). Toward the differentiation of self in one's family of origin. In E Andres & J. Lrio (Eds.). Georgetown family symposia, Vol. 1.
  14. Buehler, C., Frank, K. L., Cook, E. C. (2009). Adolescent's triangulation in marital conflict and peer relationship. Journal of research on adolescent, 19(4), 664-689.
  15. Buehler, C., Welsh P. D. (2009). A Process Model of Adolescents’ Triangulation Into Parents’ Marital Conflict: The Role of Emotional Reactivity. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(2), 167–180.
  16. Buehler, C., Krishnakumar, A., Stone, G., Gerard, J., & Pemberton, S. (1997). Inter-parental conflict and youth problem behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6(2), 233-247.
  17. Chandola, A. & SumanBhanot (2008). Role of Parenting Style in Adjustment of High School Children. Department of Child Development, N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  18. Doyle AB, Markieweiz D. (2011). Parenting marital conflict and adjustmen from early-to midadolescence: Mediated by adolescent attachment style.J Youth Adolescent; 34: 97-110.
  19. Jenkins, P. L. (2009). Delinquent girls and the relation of the parent-adolescent relationship and peer influence to quality of decision-making. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida.
  20. Grich, J. H., Raynor, S. R., & Fosco, G. M. (2010). Family processes that shape the impact of inter-parental conflict on adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 649–665.
  21. Grich, J. H., Seid, M., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Assessing marital conflict from the child’s perspective: The Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale. Child Development, 63, 558–572.
  22. Hosogi, M., Okada, A. Fujii, C. (2012). Importance and usefulness of evaluating self-esteem in children. Biopsychosocial Medicine. 6(9);48-52.
  23. Harold, G. T. &Howarth, E. L. (2004). How Marital Conflict and Violence Affects Children: Theory, Research and Future Directions. In Calder, M.C., Harold, G.T. &Howarth, E. L. Children living with domestic violence: Towards a framework for assessment and intervention. Ch. 3. Russell House Publishing.
  24. Khaleque, A.(2012). Perceived Parental Warmth, and Children’s Psychological Adjustment, and Personality Dispositions: A Meta-analysis.Journal of child and family study.
  25. Lowe, K. Dotterer, M. A. (2013). Parental Monitoring, Parental Warmth, and Minority Youths’ Academic Outcomes: Exploring the Integrative Model of Parenting, Journal of Youth and Adolescence.
  26. Michael, Sh. L., Wentze, K. Elliott, M.N. (2013). Parental and Peer Factors Associated with Body Image Discrepancy among Fifth-Grade Boys and Girls, Journal of Youth and Adolescence.
  27. Margolin, G., Gordis, E. B., Richard, J.S. (2010). Co-parenting: A link between marital conflict and parenting in two-parent families. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(1), 3-21.
  28. Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  29. Mendes, J., McDermott, P., & Fantuzzo, J. (2010). Identifying and promoting social competence with African American preschool children: Developmental and contextual consideration. Psychology in the Schools, 39(1), 111-123.
  30. Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  31. Orli S. & Dudgeon, P. & Sheeber, L. (2012). Parental Behaviors During Family Interactions Predict Changes in Depression and Anxiety Symptoms During Adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychol. 40:59–71.
  32. Pericak, S. A. (2012). Parent-Adolescent Relationships, Sexuality-Related Communic-ation and Sexual Identity Development, Master of Science Dissertation, University of Guelph.
  33. Patil, V. A. (2013). A comparative study of adjustment of intercollegiate tribal and non tribal players.Global Online Electronic International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (GOEIIRJ), Volume-I, Issue-V.
  34. Park, Y. S. & Kim, U. (2006). Family, Parent-Child Relationship, and Academic Achievement in Korea.Indigenous, Cultural, and Psychological Analysis. [in Korean]. Seoul: KyoyookKwahaksa.
  35. Quach, A. S. (2008). Gender differences in parenting adolescent functioning, and the relation between parenting and adolescent functioning in urban mainland Chinese families. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Maryland.
  36. Rohner, R. P., & Veneziano, R. A., (2013). The importance of father love: History and contemporary evidence. Review of General Psychology, 5(4), 382-405.
  37. Taylor, J., Jacoby, A., Baker, G. A. (2010). Factors predictive of resilience and vulnerability in new-onset epilepsy.Epilepsia, 52, 610-618. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02775.x.
  38. Visser, L, Anderea, F. (2012). The parent-child relationship and adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.Public health, 12:886.
  39. Wilson C. M. (2012). The Relation among Parental Factors and Achievement of African American Urban Youth, The Journal of Negro Education, 78, 2:102, 14.
  40. Wang, L., & Crane, D. (2010). The relationship between marital satisfaction, marital stability, nuclear family triangulation, and childhood depression.American Journal of Family Therapy, 29, 337-347.
  41. Whitehead, M. R. (2009). Triangulation process: an examination of differentiation and family stress as indicated by bowen. Marriage and family therapy program, school of family life, brigham young university.