تجربه زیسته تک فرزندان از تعامل با والدین " مطالعه پدیدارشناسی"

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران

2 گروه مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربتی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران

3 گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد

چکیده

تک فرزندی، یکی از اشکال رو به رشد خانواده‌های ایرانی‌ست و بررسی ابعاد و مسائل ویژه مربوط به آن حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، درک عمیق تجربه تک‌فرزندان از تعامل با والدین بوده است. روش این تحقیق کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناختی است که بدین­منظور، با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری داوطلب- هدفمند،  18 تک‌فرزند انتخاب و با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. مصاحبه‌ها ضبط و  کلمه به کلمه پیاده شد، در نهایت، داده‌ها به شیوه تحلیل مضمون (تماتیک) تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. در این مطالعه 6 مضمون اصلی استخراج شد که شامل توجه و مراقبت، وابستگی، نگرانی، تنهایی، مسئولیت و مثلث ارتباطی بود. بر اساس یافته‌های این مطالعه، تک‌فرزندان فشار زیادی را در ابعاد گونانگون در تعامل با والدین متحمل می‌شوند، لذا اصلاح الگو‌های تعاملی و آگاه سازی والدین می‌تواند در پیشگیری از پیامد‌های منفی مؤثر باشد. با توجه به اینکه یافته‌ها از یک تحقیق بومی حاصل شد؛ می‌تواند در ساخت بسته‌های آموزشی ویژه این خانواده‌ها راهگشا باشد.    

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Lived experience of single children of their interaction with parents "A Phenomenological study"

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Mortazavi 1
  • Simin Hosseinian 2
  • Roya Rasooli 2
  • Hassan Zareei 3
1 Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Alzahra
2 Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Alzahra
3 Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Yazd
چکیده [English]

Single child is one of the growing forms of Iranian families and it is important to examine the dimensions and special issues related to it. The aim of this study is to provide a deep understanding of Single childeren experience of interacting with parents. The research method is phenomenology which is a qualitative method . For this purpose, 18 Single child were selected using Voluntary purposeful sampling and analyzed using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were recorded and word-by-word, finally, the data were analyzed in a thematic analysis.
In this study, six main themes were extracted, which included attention and care, dependency, concern, loneliness, responsibility, and communication triangle. According to the findings of this study, single-child suffer greatly in interacting with parents in the gongpong dimensions, so correction of interactive patterns and parenting information can be effective in preventing negative outcomes. Given that the findings were derived from a native research, it could be possible to create special educational packages for these families.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • lived experience
  • single child
  • parent-child interaction

مراجع

  1. حسینی، ح.، عسکری ندوشن، ع.، مرادی، ن.، (1395). بررسی تطبیقی تمایلات فرزندآوری زنان کرد و شیعه در مناطق روستایی شهرستان کامیاران. فصلنامه مطالعات زن و خانواده، 4(1)، 84-63.
  2. شجاعی، جواد و یزدخواستی، بهجت. (1395). تجربه زیسته تک‌فرزندان از تک‌فرزندی: مطالعه دختران بالای 18 سال. زن در توسعه و سیاست، 15 (5)، 476-447.
  3. Mansour, F. (2018). Economic Insecurity and Fertility: Does Income Volatility Impact the Decision to Remain a One-Child Family? Journal of Family and Economic Issues,36(2) 243-257.
  4. Kertzer, D.I., White, M. J., Bernardi, L., & Gabrielli, G. (2009). Italy’s path to very low fertility: The adequacy of economic and second demographic transition theories. European Journal of Population, 25(1) 89-115.
  5. Kozlowski, J. F.(2012) . Adult Implications of Being an Only Child. General Psychology. 1-25.
  6. Tavaresa, M.B., Costa Fuchsa, F., Diligentia, F,. de Abreub, J., Rohdeb, L.A., Costa Fuchsc, S. (2004). Behavioral characteristics of the only child vs first born and children with siblings. Rev Bras psiquiatr . 26( 1) 16-22.
  7. Ryan,C.A.(1997). Counaseling Strategies for the Single-Child Family: A Structural Fmily Therapy Model. The Family Journal: counseling and therapy fpr couples and families. 5(2) 132-136
  8. Yixin,. C.(2007). Parent-child relationship in single-child families in China . Officlal Journal Of World Association Of Cultural Psychiatry. 123-127.
  9. Mastari Farahani, S. and Asgharnejad Farid, A.A.(2018). Personality Traits in Iranian Single-Parent and Single- Child Adolescents: A Comparative Study. Austin Journal Psychiatry Behavioral Science, 5(1) 1-4.
  10. He,T. (2013).American family entertainment and the only child generation in contemporary urban china. Master thesis, Philosophy Department ,University of East Anglia.
  11. Fang-Zhou, WU,. Xiao-Qin LI,. (2016). A Literature Review on the Studies of the Loss of Only Child Family in Our Country. International Conference on Modern Education and Social Science. 1155-1160.
  12. Kadoya, Y., Sani,Y., & Rahim Khan, M.S.(2017). Effects of China's one-child policy on group cooperation: survey evidence. Journal of Asia Pacific Economic.
  13. Brinthaupt, Th.M., Dove, CH. T. ( 2012). Differences in self-talk frequency as a function of age, only-child, and imaginary childhood companion status. Journal of Research in Personality. 46(3) 326-333.
  14. Rolan, E., Schmitt,S. Purpura,. D, Nichols,D. (2018).Sibling presence, executive function, and the role of parenting . Article in Infant and Child Development. 27(4).
  15. Lee, C. (2008). The experiences of adult only -children at work: An exploratory study.
  16. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
  17. Polit, D., & Falbo, T. (1987).Only children and personality development: A qualitative
  18. review. Journal of Marriages and the Family, 49, 309-325.
  19. McMenamin, Katie, (2013). Family Communication and Memorable Messages about Roles in Only-Child Families, Master Thesis, University of Colorado Boulder.
  20. Carfora, R. E, (2009(.. Codependency among only children as predicted by parenting styles practiced in family-of-origin . Master Theses, Social work Department, Smith College School of Social Work.
  21. Veenhoven,.R. and Verkuyten.,M. (1989). The Well-Being Of Only Children. Adolescence, 24(93): 155-166.
  22. Brown, J. M., & Grable, J. E. (2015). Sibling Position and Risk Attitudes: Is Being an Only Child Associated with a Person’s Risk Tolerance?. Journal of Financial Therapy, 5 (2) 4.: 19-36.
  23. Mancillas, A. (2006). Challenging the stereotypes about only children: A review of the
  24. literature and implications for practice. Journal of Counseling and Development,
  25. , 268-275.
  26. Falbo, T. (2012). Only children: An updated review. Journal of Individual Psychology, 68(1),
  27. -49.
  28. Krynen,. CH. (2011). The Rise of Single-Child Families: Psychologically Harming the Child?. Intuition, 7, 10-14
  29. Richardson, A. (2006). Only child—A unique inheritance. Therapy Today, 17, 36-39.
  30. Roberts, L. C., & Blanton, P. (2001). ‘I always knew mom and dad loved me best’:
  31. Experiences of only children. Journal of Individual Psychology, 57(2), 125.
  32. Lavin, M. (2001).The golden child phenomenon. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (1), 77.
  33. Tao, G., Qiu, J., Li, B., & Tseng, W. (1996). Comparison of behavior development between only children and children with siblings: A 6-yr follow-up study. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 10, 1-5.
  34. Fong, V. L. (2004). Only hope: Coming of age under China’s one-child policy. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  35. Duetsch, F. (2006). Filial piety, patrilineality, and China’s one child policy. Journal of Family Issues, 27, 366-389.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار