Department of Psychology, Education & Psychology Faculty, Isfahan University, Isfahan
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical framework and a paradigmatic model of forgiveness based on personal constructs of betrayed couples in their lives. For this purpose, qualitative methodology and grounded theory was used. Through purposive sampling and after conducting 20 deep interviews with participants including 13 females and 7 males referred to several counseling centers in Isfahan, theoretical saturation was reached. Participants were people whose spouses (male or female) committed infidelity but they had forgiven their transgression. To achieve theoretical framework a three-stages coding was conducted. More than 170 significant statements, 34 subcategories, 14 major categories and a core category with the title of "forgiveness as a humanistic, spiritual, social, purposeful and rational representation to keep marriage in a benefit-seeking template" were extracted. This theoretical framework suggests that fear of being unforgiven causes more injuries and forgiveness provides the most desirable and inevitable strategy for solving individual and family problems. By presenting and displaying a humanistic, spiritual, rational and purposeful forgiveness, forgiving partners invest in saving and preserving their marriage.
احتشامزاده، پ.، مکوندی، ب.، و باقری، ا. (1388). رابطه میان بخشودگی و کمالگرایی با رضایت زناشویی در همسران جانبازان شهر اهواز. فصلنامه یافتههای نو در روان شناسی، 4(12)، 136-123.
استراوس، ا.، و کوربین، ج. (1998). مبانی پژوهش کیفی؛ فنون و مراحل تولید نظریة زمینهای. ترجمه ا. افشار (1390). تهران: نشر نی.
ایمان، م. ت. (1391). روششناسی تحقیقات کیفی. قم: پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه.
ایمان، م. ت.، و بوستانی، د. (1389). تحلیل کیفی پیوند فراغت و هویت در میان دانشآموزان دبیرستانی شیراز. مجله علوم اجتماعی دانشکدة ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، 2(7)، 35-1.
داناییفرد، ح.، و امامی، س. م. (1386). استراتژیهای پژوهش کیفی: تاملی بر نظریهپردازی داده بنیاد. فصلنامه اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی،1(2)، 97-69.
دانشگر، م. (1390). عفو و بخشش از منظر روانشناسی و الاهیات مسیحی. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه قم، 50، 116-107.
ربانی، ع.، و عباس زاده، م. (1388). رویکرد نظریه زمینهای، روش نرم یا سخت؟ فصلنامه جامعهشناسی کاربردی، 20(4)، 183- 169.
زهتابنجفی، ع.، درویزه، ز.، و پیوستهگر، م. (1390). رابطه بین بخشودگی و رضایت زناشویی زوجین کرمانشاهی. فصلنامه زن و فرهنگ، 2(8)، 33-23.
سودانی، م.، کریمی، ج.، مهرابیزاده هنرمند، م.، و بیسی، ع. (1391). اثربخشی زوج درمانی هیجانمدار بر کاهش آسیبهای ناشی از خیانت همسر. فصلنامه تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، 10(4)، 268-257.
فتحی، ا.، اعتمادی، ا.، حاتمی، ا.، و گرجی، ز. (1391). رابطه بین سبکهای دلبستگی، تعهد زناشویی و رضایتمندی زناشویی در دانشجویان متأهل دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی. فصلنامه زن و مطالعات خانواده، 5(18)، 82-63.
محمدپور، ا.، و ایمان، م. ت. (1387). بازسازی معنایی پیامدهای تغییرات اقتصادی در منطقه اورامان تخت کردستان ایران. رفاه اجتماعی، 28(7)، 213-191.
Atkins, D. C., Baucom, D. H., & Jacobson, N. S. (2001). Understanding infidelity: correlates in a national random sample. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(4), 735-49.
Danaeifard, H., & Emami, S. M. (2007). [Strategies of Qualitative Research: A Reflection on Grounded Theory]. Strategic Management Thought, 1(2), 69-97 [in Persian].
Daneshgar, M. (2011). [Forgiveness from the perspective of psychology and Christian theology]. Journal of Qom University, 50, 107-116 [in Persian].
Ehteshamzadeh, P., Makvandi, B., & Bagheri, A. (2009). [The relationship between forgiveness and perfectionism with marital satisfaction in veterans' wives in Ahvaz]. Journal of New findings in psychology, 4(12), 123-136 [in Persian].
Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbonz, R. P. (2000). Helping Clients Forgive: An Empirical Guide for Resolving Anger and Restoring Hope. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Fathi, E., Etemadi, A., Hatami, A., Gorji, Z. (2012). [Relationship between attachment styles, marital commitment and marital satisfaction in married students of Allameh Tabatabai University]. Journal of Women and Family Studies, 5(18), 63-82 [in Persian].
Fathi, E., Fekrazad, H., Ghaffary, G., & Bolhari, J. (2014). [Recognizing the Fundamental Factors of Married Men Engaged in Marital Infidelity]. Social Welfare, 13(51), 109-131 [in Persian].
Flick, U. (1998). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (H. Jalili, Trans.). Tehran: Ney [in Persian].
Glasser, W. (1998). Choice Theory: A new psychology of personal freedom (A. Sahebi, Trans.). Tehran: Sokhan [in Persian].
Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine.
Gordon, K. C., & Baucom, D. H. (2003). Forgiveness and marriage: Preliminary support for a measure based on a model of recovery from a marital betrayal. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(3), 177-199.
Hill, E. W. (2001). Understanding forgiveness as discovery: Implications for marital and family therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 23(4), 369-384.
Iman, M. (2012). [Methodology of Qualitative Research]. Qom: Research Institute of Seminary and University [in Persian].
Iman, M., & Boostani, D. (2010). [Qualitative analysis of leisure and identity link among high school students in Shiraz]. Journal of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 2(7), 1-35 [in Persian].
Johnson, S. M. (2004). The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Kidwell, J., Wade, N., & Blaedel, E. (2010). Understanding forgiveness in the lives of religious people: The role of sacred and secular elements. Mental Health, Religion & Culture,15(2), 121-140.
Klacsmann, A. N. (2007). Recovering from infidelity: Attachment, Trust, Shattered Assumptions, and Forgiveness from a Betrayed Partner's Perspective. USA: ProQuest.
Makinen, J. A., & Johnson, S. M. (2006). Resolving attachment injuries in couples using emotionally focused therapy: Steps toward forgiveness and reconciliation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 1055 - 1064.
Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., Day, l., & Kon, T. W. A. (2008). Personality predictors of levels of forgiveness two and half years after the transgression. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1088-1094.
McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D., & Johnson, J. L. (2001) Vengefulness: Relationships with Forgiveness, Rumination, Well-Being, and the Big Five. Journal of Personality and social psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 601-610.
Mohammadpour, A., & Iman, M. T. (2008). [The Meaning reconstruction of economic changes’ consequences in Oraman-e Takht region of Iranian Kurdistan: A Grounded Theory Approach]. Journal of Social Welfare, 7(28), 191-213 [in Persian].
Rabani, A., & Abbaszadeh, M. (2009). [Grounded Theory Approach, Hard Method or Soft Method?] Journal of Applied Sociology, 20(4), 169-183 [in Persian].
Soudani, M., Karimi, J., Mehrabizadeh, M., & Neisi, A. (2012). [Effectiveness of Emotion Oriented Couples Therapy on Reducing Damage Caused by Marital Infidelity]. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences, 10(4), 258-268 [in Persian].
Stefano, J. D., & Oala, M. (2008). Extramarital affairs: Basic considerations and essential tasks in clinical work. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 16(1), 13-19.
Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (E. Afshar, Trans.). Tehran: Ney [in Persian].
Whisman, M. A., Dixon, A. E., & Johnson, B. (1997). Therapists' perspectives of couple problems and treatment issues in couple therapy. Journal of Family Psychology, 11(3), 361-366.
Zehtab Najafi, A., Darvizeh, Z., & Peyvastegar, M. (2011). [The relationship between forgiveness and marital satisfaction among Kermanshah couples]. Journal of Women and Culture, 2(8), 23-33 [in Persian].
Rafeie, A. R., Kalantari, M., Neshat Doost, H. T., & Oreyzi, H. R. (2017). Personal Constructs of Betrayed Spouses’ Understanding of Forgiveness. Journal of Family Research, 13(1), 131-152.
MLA
Ali Reza Rafeie; Mehrdad Kalantari; Hamid Taher Neshat Doost; Hamid Reza Oreyzi. "Personal Constructs of Betrayed Spouses’ Understanding of Forgiveness", Journal of Family Research, 13, 1, 2017, 131-152.
HARVARD
Rafeie, A. R., Kalantari, M., Neshat Doost, H. T., Oreyzi, H. R. (2017). 'Personal Constructs of Betrayed Spouses’ Understanding of Forgiveness', Journal of Family Research, 13(1), pp. 131-152.
VANCOUVER
Rafeie, A. R., Kalantari, M., Neshat Doost, H. T., Oreyzi, H. R. Personal Constructs of Betrayed Spouses’ Understanding of Forgiveness. Journal of Family Research, 2017; 13(1): 131-152.