Shahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622A Critical look at the Judicialization and the Distortion of Iranian Family lifeworldA Critical look at the Judicialization and the Distortion of Iranian Family lifeworld12710568110.48308/jfr.2025.237799.1867FAMortezaTavakoli ZiyaratgahiDepartment of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0003-0544-8461Journal Article20241202From the time the Family Law was passed in 1931 until the establishment of family courts in 2012, the Iranian family has always been the subject of government policy-making, and its autonomy to solve its problems has decreased. This trend indicates the construction of a process that we have called judicialization. Judicialization, while collaborating with the two media of money and power, was able to transform cultural relations around marriage into individual rights and commodity ceremonies, and has continued to distort the Iranian family's lifeworld to this day. This study shows how judicialization has weakened collective bonds in the family sphere and, through the creation of judicial mechanisms around the cultural relations of the Iranian family, has led to its commodification and judicial inflation. The method study is Jürgen Habermas' dialectical objectification method and has critically analyzed the judicialization process using library techniques. The results show that judicialization has imposed costly consequences on the Iranian family, including the commodification of marriage-related relationships, increased family disputes and the prevalence of divorce, the expansion of the scope of marriage contract provision, the growth of the counseling market and referral cycle, and the prevalence of a tendency toward open relationships outside of marriage.From the time the Family Law was passed in 1931 until the establishment of family courts in 2012, the Iranian family has always been the subject of government policy-making, and its autonomy to solve its problems has decreased. This trend indicates the construction of a process that we have called judicialization. Judicialization, while collaborating with the two media of money and power, was able to transform cultural relations around marriage into individual rights and commodity ceremonies, and has continued to distort the Iranian family's lifeworld to this day. This study shows how judicialization has weakened collective bonds in the family sphere and, through the creation of judicial mechanisms around the cultural relations of the Iranian family, has led to its commodification and judicial inflation. The method study is Jürgen Habermas' dialectical objectification method and has critically analyzed the judicialization process using library techniques. The results show that judicialization has imposed costly consequences on the Iranian family, including the commodification of marriage-related relationships, increased family disputes and the prevalence of divorce, the expansion of the scope of marriage contract provision, the growth of the counseling market and referral cycle, and the prevalence of a tendency toward open relationships outside of marriage.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_105681_d4728460ab1892e396563dda91b2b7b9.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622Family ties and its socio-economic correlates in IranFamily ties and its socio-economic correlates in Iran284710568310.48308/jfr.2025.237569.1856FAFatemeModiriNational Institute for Population Research0000-0002-2764-2893Journal Article20241117There is no doubt about the importance of the family as a basic organizational structure and its impact on some aspects of social life. Based on this, in this article, the status of family ties in Iran and its socio-economic correlates has been studied. The national data of the last wave of global values in Iran (2019) was used, which was implemented with 1499 samples. The findings showed that 44.3% of the respondents reported strong family ties, 32.1% moderate and 23.6% weak family ties. Family ties were stronger in married people, older ages, Turkic and Baloch people, in people with lower education and class, and had no significant relationship with gender and employment. Bivariate tests have shown that family ties have a significant direct relationship with public morality; childbearing; household size; living arrangements; gender attitudes. Multivariate tests have also shown that by controlling background variables (gender, age, education, household income) and religiosity, the significant effect of family ties on gender attitudes and public morality. The findings show the impact of family ties on other dimensions of Iranian life and the superiority of background variables on it in some dimensions. Policy and research sugestion have been presented.There is no doubt about the importance of the family as a basic organizational structure and its impact on some aspects of social life. Based on this, in this article, the status of family ties in Iran and its socio-economic correlates has been studied. The national data of the last wave of global values in Iran (2019) was used, which was implemented with 1499 samples. The findings showed that 44.3% of the respondents reported strong family ties, 32.1% moderate and 23.6% weak family ties. Family ties were stronger in married people, older ages, Turkic and Baloch people, in people with lower education and class, and had no significant relationship with gender and employment. Bivariate tests have shown that family ties have a significant direct relationship with public morality; childbearing; household size; living arrangements; gender attitudes. Multivariate tests have also shown that by controlling background variables (gender, age, education, household income) and religiosity, the significant effect of family ties on gender attitudes and public morality. The findings show the impact of family ties on other dimensions of Iranian life and the superiority of background variables on it in some dimensions. Policy and research sugestion have been presented.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_105683_b9542ac23ea233b42a46d4fa6b305b23.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622The Effectiveness of Marital Enrichment Educational Intervention Based on Gottman Model on Sexual Intimacy and Loneliness in CouplesThe Effectiveness of Marital Enrichment Educational Intervention Based on Gottman Model on Sexual Intimacy and Loneliness in Couples486810575210.48308/jfr.2025.238180.1904FAMahdiyeMohamadiDepartment of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0000-6736-9580ZahraJahanbakhshiDepartment of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-2839-9960MaryamFatehizadehDepartment of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, University of Isfahan,IranJournal Article20250115Sexual intimacy and loneliness are significant components influencing the quality of marital relationships. Loneliness can negatively affect couples' ability to establish deep emotional connections, potentially leading to emotional distancing. In contrast, sexual intimacy plays a vital role in psychological well-being, individual health, and marital adjustment, and its enhancement can improve the quality of marital life and increase marital satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a marital enrichment intervention based on the Gottman model. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, including a control group. The statistical population consisted of married couples in Isfahan, Iran, selected through voluntary sampling and randomly assigned to two equal groups. The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of marital enrichment training, while the control group only completed the research questionnaires during the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases. Data were analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated that the intervention significantly increased sexual intimacy (F = 5.53, p < 0.05) and decreased feelings of loneliness (F = 41.76, p < 0.05), with the effects remaining stable after a two-month follow-up.Sexual intimacy and loneliness are significant components influencing the quality of marital relationships. Loneliness can negatively affect couples' ability to establish deep emotional connections, potentially leading to emotional distancing. In contrast, sexual intimacy plays a vital role in psychological well-being, individual health, and marital adjustment, and its enhancement can improve the quality of marital life and increase marital satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a marital enrichment intervention based on the Gottman model. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, including a control group. The statistical population consisted of married couples in Isfahan, Iran, selected through voluntary sampling and randomly assigned to two equal groups. The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of marital enrichment training, while the control group only completed the research questionnaires during the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases. Data were analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated that the intervention significantly increased sexual intimacy (F = 5.53, p < 0.05) and decreased feelings of loneliness (F = 41.76, p < 0.05), with the effects remaining stable after a two-month follow-up.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_105752_d93aa67fd561ee142649e6dfafaf2eac.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622Psychometric Characteristics of Sexual Intelligence Scale (SIS) And its relationship with Sexual Satisfaction and Marital IntimacyPsychometric Characteristics of Sexual Intelligence Scale (SIS) And its relationship with Sexual Satisfaction and Marital Intimacy698710576010.48308/jfr.2025.232056.1597FABahmanEsmaeili AnamaghFaculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0000-0002-7512-6770NiloofarMikaeiliuniversity of Mohaghegh Ardabili0000-0001-5510-5983Journal Article20230614The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Sexual Intelligence Scale (SIS) and its relationship with sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy. This descriptive-correlational research involved 380 students from Tabriz University, selected based on the Krejcie-Morgan sample size table using available sampling. Instruments included the SIS, Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS), and Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS). Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 and AMOS-24 through correlation and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA supported a two-factor model of SIS, comprising sexual knowledge and sexual behavior. The scale showed strong convergent validity with sexual satisfaction (R=0.89) and marital intimacy (R=0.88). Predictive validity analysis indicated SIS effectively predicts sexual satisfaction (R²=0.80) and marital intimacy (R²=0.78). Reliability was excellent, with Cronbach’s alpha at 0.93 and test-retest reliability at 0.92. The findings suggest the Sexual Intelligence Scale is a valid and reliable tool with strong psychometric adequacy for assessing sexual intelligence, and it can effectively predict sexual satisfaction and marital intimacyThe study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Sexual Intelligence Scale (SIS) and its relationship with sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy. This descriptive-correlational research involved 380 students from Tabriz University, selected based on the Krejcie-Morgan sample size table using available sampling. Instruments included the SIS, Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS), and Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS). Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 and AMOS-24 through correlation and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA supported a two-factor model of SIS, comprising sexual knowledge and sexual behavior. The scale showed strong convergent validity with sexual satisfaction (R=0.89) and marital intimacy (R=0.88). Predictive validity analysis indicated SIS effectively predicts sexual satisfaction (R²=0.80) and marital intimacy (R²=0.78). Reliability was excellent, with Cronbach’s alpha at 0.93 and test-retest reliability at 0.92. The findings suggest the Sexual Intelligence Scale is a valid and reliable tool with strong psychometric adequacy for assessing sexual intelligence, and it can effectively predict sexual satisfaction and marital intimacyhttps://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_105760_fb79ac5ecfa2f15d742957a19f3b609c.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622Financial Literacy, Demographic Characteristics, and Division of Household Financial Responsibilities: A Study of Couples in Khuzestan and KurdistanFinancial Literacy, Demographic Characteristics, and Division of Household Financial Responsibilities: A Study of Couples in Khuzestan and Kurdistan8810710576110.48308/jfr.2025.230758.1552FAMohammadNazaripourAccounting Department, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran0000-0001-9564-2230BabakZakizadehYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran.0000-0002-8304-5866Journal Article20230218Family financial management involves the systematic and comprehensive oversight of household finances, significantly contributing to the financial well-being. A key aspect of every household is the active involvement of spouses in managing finances, with financial literacy playing a crucial role in this process. This study aims to explore the relationship between financial literacy and the allocation of financial responsibilities within households, with a focus on demographic factors. The research is applied in purpose and employs a descriptive cross-sectional design for data collection. The study population consists of couples residing in Khuzestan and Kurdistan provinces, with 213 couples selected through simple random sampling. To test the research hypotheses, Cohen’s kappa coefficient, binary logistic regression, and dyadic multilevel regression modeling were utilized. The findings indicate that couples participate in various aspects of household financial management, including shopping and home accounting, credit and debt repayment, saving and investing, and insurance. Additionally, while couples show some agreement on the division of financial responsibilities (such as proposing, decision-making, and implementation), this agreement is relatively weak. Dyadic multilevel regression results reveal that men predominantly hold financial decision-making power. Among seven demographic variables examined, only gender and education significantly influence financial literacy, both subjective and objective.Family financial management involves the systematic and comprehensive oversight of household finances, significantly contributing to the financial well-being. A key aspect of every household is the active involvement of spouses in managing finances, with financial literacy playing a crucial role in this process. This study aims to explore the relationship between financial literacy and the allocation of financial responsibilities within households, with a focus on demographic factors. The research is applied in purpose and employs a descriptive cross-sectional design for data collection. The study population consists of couples residing in Khuzestan and Kurdistan provinces, with 213 couples selected through simple random sampling. To test the research hypotheses, Cohen’s kappa coefficient, binary logistic regression, and dyadic multilevel regression modeling were utilized. The findings indicate that couples participate in various aspects of household financial management, including shopping and home accounting, credit and debt repayment, saving and investing, and insurance. Additionally, while couples show some agreement on the division of financial responsibilities (such as proposing, decision-making, and implementation), this agreement is relatively weak. Dyadic multilevel regression results reveal that men predominantly hold financial decision-making power. Among seven demographic variables examined, only gender and education significantly influence financial literacy, both subjective and objective.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_105761_b51e8f8446337463153f1c6e0e904057.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622Working Mothers' Guilt and Children's Behavioral Problems: the Moderating Role of Parental Reflective FunctioningWorking Mothers' Guilt and Children's Behavioral Problems: the Moderating Role of Parental Reflective Functioning10812710574110.48308/jfr.2025.237025.1819FANargesJamali NazariDepartment of Counseling, faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0009-0001-7765-3515SamanehSalimiDepartment of Counseling, faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4704-3636Masoud GholamaliLavasaniDepartment of Counseling, faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0958-1027AbbasJavaheriDepartment of Counseling, faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240925Abstract: This research examines the moderating role of parental reflective functioning in the relationship between the guilt experienced by working mothers and their children's behavioral problems. The population of this study consisted of all working mothers with children aged 3 to 6 living in Tehran in 1403. A sample of 225 mothers was determined and selected using a convenience sampling method. The tools used in the research included the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ), the Guilt About Parenting Scale (GAPS), and the Behavioral part of the Social Skills Rating System-Parent (SSRS-P). The research employed a descriptive-correlational design, incorporating hierarchical regression analysis, with data analysis conducted utilizing SPSS-25 software. The findings indicate the moderating role of the pre-mentalizing dimension of parental reflective functioning in the relationship between parental guilt and behavioral problems (internalizing and externalizing behaviors) in children. This suggests that increases in pre-mentalization among mothers are associated with more behavioral problems in their children, while less pre-mentalization reduces behavioral problems associated with parental guilt.Abstract: This research examines the moderating role of parental reflective functioning in the relationship between the guilt experienced by working mothers and their children's behavioral problems. The population of this study consisted of all working mothers with children aged 3 to 6 living in Tehran in 1403. A sample of 225 mothers was determined and selected using a convenience sampling method. The tools used in the research included the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ), the Guilt About Parenting Scale (GAPS), and the Behavioral part of the Social Skills Rating System-Parent (SSRS-P). The research employed a descriptive-correlational design, incorporating hierarchical regression analysis, with data analysis conducted utilizing SPSS-25 software. The findings indicate the moderating role of the pre-mentalizing dimension of parental reflective functioning in the relationship between parental guilt and behavioral problems (internalizing and externalizing behaviors) in children. This suggests that increases in pre-mentalization among mothers are associated with more behavioral problems in their children, while less pre-mentalization reduces behavioral problems associated with parental guilt.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_105741_640e8c7fe8143afdfe975c20bedac4c9.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622Causal model of adolescent girls' emotion regulation: The role of mindful parenting mediated by cognitive flexibilityCausal model of adolescent girls' emotion regulation: The role of mindful parenting mediated by cognitive flexibility12814710578010.48308/jfr.2025.237933.1880FAElaheAslami1. Department of psychology, Payam Noor university(PNU), Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4793-2273AkramMalekzadehDepartment of psychology. Payam Noor university(PNU). Tehran. Iran.0000-0002-4793-2273Journal Article20241216The aim of the present study was to develop a causal model of adolescent girls' emotion regulation based on mindful parenting mediated by their cognitive flexibility. The present study method is a descriptive correlational study with structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students and one of their parents in the academic year 1403 in Eqlid County. 180 students were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and the students responded to Dennis and Vander Wal's (2010) cognitive flexibility inventory and Gross and John's (2003) emotion regulation questionnaire, and one of their parents responded to McCaffrey, Reitman, and Black's (2015) Mindfulness in parenting questionnaire. PLS software was used to analyze the data. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between mindful parenting and cognitive flexibility and cognitive flexibility with adaptive emotion regulation, but no significant relationship was observed between mindful parenting and adaptive emotion regulation. In addition, the indirect effect of mindful parenting on adaptive emotion regulation was confirmed through the mediation of cognitive flexibility, and the causal model of adolescent girls' emotion regulation based on mindful parenting with the mediation of cognitive flexibility had a good fit.The aim of the present study was to develop a causal model of adolescent girls' emotion regulation based on mindful parenting mediated by their cognitive flexibility. The present study method is a descriptive correlational study with structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students and one of their parents in the academic year 1403 in Eqlid County. 180 students were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and the students responded to Dennis and Vander Wal's (2010) cognitive flexibility inventory and Gross and John's (2003) emotion regulation questionnaire, and one of their parents responded to McCaffrey, Reitman, and Black's (2015) Mindfulness in parenting questionnaire. PLS software was used to analyze the data. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between mindful parenting and cognitive flexibility and cognitive flexibility with adaptive emotion regulation, but no significant relationship was observed between mindful parenting and adaptive emotion regulation. In addition, the indirect effect of mindful parenting on adaptive emotion regulation was confirmed through the mediation of cognitive flexibility, and the causal model of adolescent girls' emotion regulation based on mindful parenting with the mediation of cognitive flexibility had a good fit.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_105780_02d70493931ba94a003a00fc6bb030f1.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622The Nature of the Family-School Relationship: How is this relationship interpreted within the framework of macro paradigms?The Nature of the Family-School Relationship: How is this relationship interpreted within the framework of macro paradigms?14816610574710.48308/jfr.2025.235796.1762FANasserKamalpourkhoubEducational Officer, Farhangian University0000-0002-0015-2923Mohammad RezaRozbahanitehran university farhangyan0000-0002-4826-5804KhosroNazaritehran university farhangyan0000-0002-0015-2923Journal Article20240523The aim of this study was to theoretically explore the nature of the family-school relationship. To achieve this goal, three initial assumptions were proposed: the school being central to the formation of the relationship between family and school; the family being central to the formation of the relationship; and the participatory and co-equal nature of these two subsystems. To analyze these assumptions, three paradigms—behaviorism, critical theory, and social interactionism—were utilized, each of which could respond to one of the assumptions. The findings of the study indicated that, within the behaviorist paradigm, the school is the decision-making center, while the family is seen as an external element that intervenes sporadically, only when the school deems it necessary. In the critical paradigm, the family critiques various dimensions and interactions of the school, transforming into a decision-making and ecosystem-building entity for the school, including teacher selection, school structure, content determination, and guiding the school in coordination with local stakeholders. In the social interactionist paradigm, neither the school is solely the decision-maker nor is the family the sole strategist; rather, both participate together based on commonalities to fulfill their roles. In other words, in this paradigm, the fundamental principle is that of family participation.The aim of this study was to theoretically explore the nature of the family-school relationship. To achieve this goal, three initial assumptions were proposed: the school being central to the formation of the relationship between family and school; the family being central to the formation of the relationship; and the participatory and co-equal nature of these two subsystems. To analyze these assumptions, three paradigms—behaviorism, critical theory, and social interactionism—were utilized, each of which could respond to one of the assumptions. The findings of the study indicated that, within the behaviorist paradigm, the school is the decision-making center, while the family is seen as an external element that intervenes sporadically, only when the school deems it necessary. In the critical paradigm, the family critiques various dimensions and interactions of the school, transforming into a decision-making and ecosystem-building entity for the school, including teacher selection, school structure, content determination, and guiding the school in coordination with local stakeholders. In the social interactionist paradigm, neither the school is solely the decision-maker nor is the family the sole strategist; rather, both participate together based on commonalities to fulfill their roles. In other words, in this paradigm, the fundamental principle is that of family participation.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_105747_a0f3f7985ee5b1d75118f27c12672997.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622Effect of Reality Therapy on the Self-Efficacy and Happiness of Mothers of Children with Intellectual DisabilityEffect of Reality Therapy on the Self-Efficacy and Happiness of Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability16718310577010.48308/jfr.2025.234522.1691FASeyyedeh SomayyehJalil-AbkenarAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0496-8273Journal Article20240120The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reality therapy on the self-efficacy and happiness of mothers of children with intellectual disability. The research design was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population was formed by the mothers of children with intellectual disability in Isfahan city. 30 mothers were selected from the schools for children with intellectual disability using the convenience sampling method and replaced by a random method in an experimental group and a control group of 15 people. The experimental group participated in 10 reality therapy training sessions, while the control group did not participate in these sessions. The subjects were evaluated using the Sherer’s Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Oxford’s Happiness Inventory. Data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis. The results showed that the experimental and control groups had a significant difference in self-efficacy and happiness variables in the post-test phase and this difference continued in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Therefore, reality therapy improved the self-efficacy and happiness of the subjects. So, planning to train such programs, such as reality therapy training, plays an important role in promoting the self-efficacy and happiness of mothers of children with intellectual disability.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reality therapy on the self-efficacy and happiness of mothers of children with intellectual disability. The research design was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population was formed by the mothers of children with intellectual disability in Isfahan city. 30 mothers were selected from the schools for children with intellectual disability using the convenience sampling method and replaced by a random method in an experimental group and a control group of 15 people. The experimental group participated in 10 reality therapy training sessions, while the control group did not participate in these sessions. The subjects were evaluated using the Sherer’s Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Oxford’s Happiness Inventory. Data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis. The results showed that the experimental and control groups had a significant difference in self-efficacy and happiness variables in the post-test phase and this difference continued in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Therefore, reality therapy improved the self-efficacy and happiness of the subjects. So, planning to train such programs, such as reality therapy training, plays an important role in promoting the self-efficacy and happiness of mothers of children with intellectual disability.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_105770_e1de4a9b6ec5f938943db37ec0ee9264.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844221220250622The Role of The Family in Safeguarding The Life and Ensuring The Highest Level of Health for Transgender ChildThe Role of The Family in Safeguarding The Life and Ensuring The Highest Level of Health for Transgender Child18420110610710.48308/jfr.2025.238802.1927FAMahrouGhadiriFamily Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-6756-2188HamidrezaSaeedarabFamily Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4492-5086Journal Article20250216The unique challenges faced by transgender children due to gender dysphoria seriously threaten their health and well-being, necessitating smart measures to ensure their physical, mental, and sexual health. In this regard, the family, as the primary environment for a child’s growth and development, plays a decisive role.<br /><br /><br /><br />This descriptive-analytical study, based on library and documentary research, seeks to answer why and how families can protect the lives of transgender children and help them achieve the highest level of health by utilizing existing legal capacities.<br /><br /><br /><br />By examining the threats endangering the lives and health of transgender children, it was found that families, depending on their awareness and abilities, can act either as violators or defenders of their rights, or as active facilitators in these areas. The 2020 Child and Adolescent Protection Act officially recognized transgender children as a vulnerable group and took an important step in their protection. However, insufficient understanding of their unique situation, lack of tailored measures, and limited focus on the family’s role and empowerment highlight the need to address legal gaps and develop appropriate guidelines and protocols.The unique challenges faced by transgender children due to gender dysphoria seriously threaten their health and well-being, necessitating smart measures to ensure their physical, mental, and sexual health. In this regard, the family, as the primary environment for a child’s growth and development, plays a decisive role.<br /><br /><br /><br />This descriptive-analytical study, based on library and documentary research, seeks to answer why and how families can protect the lives of transgender children and help them achieve the highest level of health by utilizing existing legal capacities.<br /><br /><br /><br />By examining the threats endangering the lives and health of transgender children, it was found that families, depending on their awareness and abilities, can act either as violators or defenders of their rights, or as active facilitators in these areas. The 2020 Child and Adolescent Protection Act officially recognized transgender children as a vulnerable group and took an important step in their protection. However, insufficient understanding of their unique situation, lack of tailored measures, and limited focus on the family’s role and empowerment highlight the need to address legal gaps and develop appropriate guidelines and protocols.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_106107_2e244d48d5bbed5f96bfbb86b54b2bd8.pdf