Shahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844211420150522Mediation of Conflict Handling Styles in the Relation between Virtues and Marital SatisfactionMediation of Conflict Handling Styles in the Relation between Virtues and Marital Satisfaction41743896754FAHoseiNaderiShahid Beheshti UniversityHoseinPourshahryarShahid Beheshti University0000-0001-8323-191XOmidShokriShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20150613Despite awareness of the adjusted conflict tactics, sometimes there is no motivation for proper behavior. It is expected that virtues increase the likelihood of adaptive behaviors by affecting motivation for ethical behaviors. This research studied the relation between marital satisfaction, character and its underlying virtues that are the internal elements necessary for adjusted life from a positive psychology perspective. It is assumed that spouse's conflict handling styles is a mediator that play a role between character, virtues, and marital satisfaction. In a correlation plan, the married university students living in dormitories were asked to complete three questionnaires: Character Strengths, Conflict Management Style, and Marital Satisfaction. Finally, the data was analyzed based on SEM method. The courage and transcendence are found as predictors of marital satisfaction and adaptive conflict handling tactics; The Humanity doesn't show a significant relationship with satisfaction. Results also support the mediating role of adaptive conflict handling styles in relation between virtues and satisfaction. It seems that marital satisfaction stems basically from the individual's inner characteristics rather than love between spouses. Virtues affect marital outcomes through their impact on spouses' interaction styles during conflicts. Clinical implications of these results are discussed as suggestions for family therapy interventions based on a positive perspective.Despite awareness of the adjusted conflict tactics, sometimes there is no motivation for proper behavior. It is expected that virtues increase the likelihood of adaptive behaviors by affecting motivation for ethical behaviors. This research studied the relation between marital satisfaction, character and its underlying virtues that are the internal elements necessary for adjusted life from a positive psychology perspective. It is assumed that spouse's conflict handling styles is a mediator that play a role between character, virtues, and marital satisfaction. In a correlation plan, the married university students living in dormitories were asked to complete three questionnaires: Character Strengths, Conflict Management Style, and Marital Satisfaction. Finally, the data was analyzed based on SEM method. The courage and transcendence are found as predictors of marital satisfaction and adaptive conflict handling tactics; The Humanity doesn't show a significant relationship with satisfaction. Results also support the mediating role of adaptive conflict handling styles in relation between virtues and satisfaction. It seems that marital satisfaction stems basically from the individual's inner characteristics rather than love between spouses. Virtues affect marital outcomes through their impact on spouses' interaction styles during conflicts. Clinical implications of these results are discussed as suggestions for family therapy interventions based on a positive perspective.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96754_f3d25666cd31ad0aa7f5a116e3980fcf.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844211420150522In Vitro Embryo as a PersonIn Vitro Embryo as a Person43945396768FAMohammad HasanSadeghi MoghadamTehran UniversityMostafaMozafariTehran UniversityJournal Article20151013Based on moral principles and the natural laws, an in vitro embryo is considered as a natural embryo. The difference in the course of natural growing of an in vitro embryo and natural embryo, does not result in a difference of the governing rules, since both are embryos. It is argued that an in vitro embryo has the same rights as the natural embryo. Considering this claim, despite the position of some scholars who believe that such an embryo is subject to ownership, this article aims to critique this idea and argue that an in vitro embryo has the same personhood as a natural embryo from the moment of conception. Therefore, the embryo cannot be transferred as a gift or otherwise traded in the form of a stipulation in a contract.Based on moral principles and the natural laws, an in vitro embryo is considered as a natural embryo. The difference in the course of natural growing of an in vitro embryo and natural embryo, does not result in a difference of the governing rules, since both are embryos. It is argued that an in vitro embryo has the same rights as the natural embryo. Considering this claim, despite the position of some scholars who believe that such an embryo is subject to ownership, this article aims to critique this idea and argue that an in vitro embryo has the same personhood as a natural embryo from the moment of conception. Therefore, the embryo cannot be transferred as a gift or otherwise traded in the form of a stipulation in a contract.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96768_54df2368f496d934724b7254b1934721.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844211420150522The Experiences of Supportive and Participative Needs of Couples in the First Experience of Child Bearing: A Qualitative Study with Phenomenology ApproachThe Experiences of Supportive and Participative Needs of Couples in the First Experience of Child Bearing: A Qualitative Study with Phenomenology Approach45546996774FARuhangizMohammadi KhashoueiKhorasegan Branch of Islamic Azad UniversityMasoomehMohammadi KhashoueiNajafabad Branch of Islamic Azad UniversityMaryamGhorbaniTehran Payam Noor UniversitySusanKhosraviNajafabad Branch of Islamic Azad UniversityJournal Article20150520The birth of the first child is one of the most important events in the couple's life that changes most parents deeply. The present study tries to describe the couples’ experiences during child bearing stage in association with their acceptance and role participation. This research is a qualitative study and collected a sample of 14 members of couples in the early stage of child bearing based on the purpose of the study and went through deep interviews. In this study, the Colaizzi method has been used for the information analysis. The reliability and validity of the present study mainly stem from four axes of real value, applicability, consistency and based on the fact. The interview transcripts have been analyzed with three main themes: acceptance, role participation, and social support. Three essential elements were found including “acceptance, role participation, and social support” as important in order to maintain life family strength during first experience of child bearing in marital life. There fore, health system providers are suggested to use this information to deal with the challenges they face in child bearing stage to improve preparation of young couples.The birth of the first child is one of the most important events in the couple's life that changes most parents deeply. The present study tries to describe the couples’ experiences during child bearing stage in association with their acceptance and role participation. This research is a qualitative study and collected a sample of 14 members of couples in the early stage of child bearing based on the purpose of the study and went through deep interviews. In this study, the Colaizzi method has been used for the information analysis. The reliability and validity of the present study mainly stem from four axes of real value, applicability, consistency and based on the fact. The interview transcripts have been analyzed with three main themes: acceptance, role participation, and social support. Three essential elements were found including “acceptance, role participation, and social support” as important in order to maintain life family strength during first experience of child bearing in marital life. There fore, health system providers are suggested to use this information to deal with the challenges they face in child bearing stage to improve preparation of young couples.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96774_3fd33fca2c8309458ce87fc2777e51f6.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844211420150522The Role of Family in Responding to Juvenile Delinquents by Emphasizing the Islamic Criminal Code (2013)The Role of Family in Responding to Juvenile Delinquents by Emphasizing the Islamic Criminal Code (2013)47149096779FAMohammadRoshanShahid Beheshty UniversityEnsiehHoseiniShahid Beheshty UniversityJournal Article20150608Family plays the most important role in children’s socialization and formation of their personality. The initial aim of the juvenile criminal justice system is educating and intervening to prevent the development of personality pathologies resulting in delinquency. Therefore, it is important to have an appropriate family response to achieve this aim. In addition, family intervention has a crucial role in developmental prevention in juvenile criminal justice. Iran’s Islamic Criminal Code (2013) has taken these key issues into consideration and has paid attention to the family as a solution. In other words, at the outset and in accordance with custody regulations, the first choice is to place the child in the custody of the family, and in the next step, the family is committed to the implementation of the courtordered rehabilitative measures in order to realize the main objectives of corrective and rehabilitative functions of the system.Family plays the most important role in children’s socialization and formation of their personality. The initial aim of the juvenile criminal justice system is educating and intervening to prevent the development of personality pathologies resulting in delinquency. Therefore, it is important to have an appropriate family response to achieve this aim. In addition, family intervention has a crucial role in developmental prevention in juvenile criminal justice. Iran’s Islamic Criminal Code (2013) has taken these key issues into consideration and has paid attention to the family as a solution. In other words, at the outset and in accordance with custody regulations, the first choice is to place the child in the custody of the family, and in the next step, the family is committed to the implementation of the courtordered rehabilitative measures in order to realize the main objectives of corrective and rehabilitative functions of the system.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96779_1f3ac8d19b393d6994f9db407f4614fe.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844211420150522The Role of Attachment Styles and Emotion Regulation Strategies in prediction of Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Foster Care and non-Foster Care AdolescentsThe Role of Attachment Styles and Emotion Regulation Strategies in prediction of Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Foster Care and non-Foster Care Adolescents49151296784FAFereshtehPourmohseni KoluriArdebil Payam Noor University0000-0001-8124-2658Seyed AdelIrani KolurArdebil Well-being OrganizationMaryamTehranizadeTehran Payam Noor UniversityJournal Article20150613This research examined the role of attachment styles and cognitive emo-tional regulation strategies on emotional-behavioral problems in foster care and nonfoster care adolescents. The method of study was causal-comparison. The population was all foster care adolescents of foster care center in Ardebil. A sample of 30 foster care adolescents selected through available sampling method and compared with 30 nonfoster care adolescents selected randomly and completed the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, Youth Self-Report behavioral problems list, and attachment styles scale. Regression analyses revealed anxious and avoidant attachment and rumination in foster care adolescents, and anxious attachment and catastrophizing attachment in nonfoster adolescents predicted internalizing symptoms. In foster care adolescents rumination and anxious attachment were significant predictors of externalizing symptoms in nonfoster care adolescents we found that blaming other, anxious attachment, positive reassessment, catastrophizing and rumination were significant predictors of externalizing symptoms. In foster care adolescents anxious and avoidant attachment style was more frequent than security attachment and apply more maladaptive strategies of self-blaming, rumination, catastrophizing and blaming others; and internalizing symptoms are more evident in them in comparison to nonfoster adolescents. Accordingly it seems that foster care adolescents use more insecure attachment styles and use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.This research examined the role of attachment styles and cognitive emo-tional regulation strategies on emotional-behavioral problems in foster care and nonfoster care adolescents. The method of study was causal-comparison. The population was all foster care adolescents of foster care center in Ardebil. A sample of 30 foster care adolescents selected through available sampling method and compared with 30 nonfoster care adolescents selected randomly and completed the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, Youth Self-Report behavioral problems list, and attachment styles scale. Regression analyses revealed anxious and avoidant attachment and rumination in foster care adolescents, and anxious attachment and catastrophizing attachment in nonfoster adolescents predicted internalizing symptoms. In foster care adolescents rumination and anxious attachment were significant predictors of externalizing symptoms in nonfoster care adolescents we found that blaming other, anxious attachment, positive reassessment, catastrophizing and rumination were significant predictors of externalizing symptoms. In foster care adolescents anxious and avoidant attachment style was more frequent than security attachment and apply more maladaptive strategies of self-blaming, rumination, catastrophizing and blaming others; and internalizing symptoms are more evident in them in comparison to nonfoster adolescents. Accordingly it seems that foster care adolescents use more insecure attachment styles and use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96784_fd1c291f86a9004cffbd2f82267f983b.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844211420150522Lived experience of girls running away from "home"Lived experience of girls running away from "home"51353096795FAMeri SadatMousaviCulture and Research (ACECR) Allameh Tabatabai BranchAliHashemianfarJournal Article20150520This paper analyzes the concept of "home" among runaways and with studying the lived experience of this group, we try to achieve good understanding of "home" to expand the existing base of knowledge about the phenomenon of runaways. Phenomenological study was undertaken using Colaizzi method. Data were collected through interviews with 10 girls aged 15 to 20 years that had not passed much time since their escape. Results indicated a complex understanding of "Home" by participants. In principle, meaning of "home" for them was be connected to "absence" of it and at the same time the ideal home, real home, homelessness and alternative home are in their mind and can be seen in the behavior. "Being" or "no" in this context, is the origin of judgments about their character. Indeed, understanding the meaning of "home" as a mental construct, forms the character of runaway girls and influenced by prevailing social norms and structures.This paper analyzes the concept of "home" among runaways and with studying the lived experience of this group, we try to achieve good understanding of "home" to expand the existing base of knowledge about the phenomenon of runaways. Phenomenological study was undertaken using Colaizzi method. Data were collected through interviews with 10 girls aged 15 to 20 years that had not passed much time since their escape. Results indicated a complex understanding of "Home" by participants. In principle, meaning of "home" for them was be connected to "absence" of it and at the same time the ideal home, real home, homelessness and alternative home are in their mind and can be seen in the behavior. "Being" or "no" in this context, is the origin of judgments about their character. Indeed, understanding the meaning of "home" as a mental construct, forms the character of runaway girls and influenced by prevailing social norms and structures.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96795_e31c3a03aabe07dfdb5130ce71364980.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844211420150522A Preliminary Study of Psychometric Properties of the Adolescents’ Perceived Family Collective Efficacy Scale in AdolescentA Preliminary Study of Psychometric Properties of the Adolescents’ Perceived Family Collective Efficacy Scale in Adolescent53155096803FALeilyPanaghiFamily Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University0000-0002-2066-4686IrajMokhtarnaiFamily Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University0000-0002-7480-7398FatemehKalantaryFamily Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20150910This study was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Perceived Family Collective Efficacy (PFCE) revised scales in adolescents. The study is cross-sectional, and the students from a rural city Qods near to capital city of Tehran formed the study population. A sample of 891 students was selected through a multistage sampling method and The Adolescents’ perceived collective family efficacy scale together with other questionnaires including (CPIP), (YSR) and (FAD) were filled by participants. The results of the exploratory factor analysis identified a two-factor solution, and confirmatory factor analysis support both two-factor and one factor, with the a better fit of the two-factor model . Divergent and convergent validity were tested in association with scales of PFCE, CPIP, YSR, and FAD that were found quite satisfactory. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0/92 and test-retest was 0/83; Therefore, based on the results of this study, perceived family collective efficacy scale shows has adequate psychometric properties to be applied for research and family counseling purposes.This study was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Perceived Family Collective Efficacy (PFCE) revised scales in adolescents. The study is cross-sectional, and the students from a rural city Qods near to capital city of Tehran formed the study population. A sample of 891 students was selected through a multistage sampling method and The Adolescents’ perceived collective family efficacy scale together with other questionnaires including (CPIP), (YSR) and (FAD) were filled by participants. The results of the exploratory factor analysis identified a two-factor solution, and confirmatory factor analysis support both two-factor and one factor, with the a better fit of the two-factor model . Divergent and convergent validity were tested in association with scales of PFCE, CPIP, YSR, and FAD that were found quite satisfactory. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0/92 and test-retest was 0/83; Therefore, based on the results of this study, perceived family collective efficacy scale shows has adequate psychometric properties to be applied for research and family counseling purposes.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96803_3133cf7278ea4b5b26046bf67018a2bb.pdf