Shahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844210220141023Comparing Relationship Standards, Attributions and Marital Satisfaction Across Three Recent Generations in TehranComparing Relationship Standards, Attributions and Marital Satisfaction Across Three Recent Generations in Tehran13715796552FASaadehMalek AsgarShahid Beheshti UniversityFereshtehMootabiShahid Beheshti UniversityMohammad AliMazaheriShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20151207Relationship standards and attributions could be considered as significant cognitive variables that have received significant attentiontheoretically, empirically, and clinically. Relationship standards contain family member’s beliefs about their close relations in particular and other relations in general. Attributions are inferences generated by individuals to explain the causes of behaviors and events in their relations. In this study the changes in these cognitive variables and marital satisfaction were analyzed in three recent generations in Tehran. The sample of the study includes 180 females over 18 years old who live in Tehran. Specific Relationship Standards Questionnaire, Relationship Attribution Measure, and Enrich Scale for Marital Satisfaction were used for data gathering. The results indicated that second and third generation have higher standards. But there were no significant differences in their attributions. The marital satisfaction was significantly meaningful in third generation. This study well explains these changes in terms of cultural transition that has been experienced by Iranian society in recent decades.Relationship standards and attributions could be considered as significant cognitive variables that have received significant attentiontheoretically, empirically, and clinically. Relationship standards contain family member’s beliefs about their close relations in particular and other relations in general. Attributions are inferences generated by individuals to explain the causes of behaviors and events in their relations. In this study the changes in these cognitive variables and marital satisfaction were analyzed in three recent generations in Tehran. The sample of the study includes 180 females over 18 years old who live in Tehran. Specific Relationship Standards Questionnaire, Relationship Attribution Measure, and Enrich Scale for Marital Satisfaction were used for data gathering. The results indicated that second and third generation have higher standards. But there were no significant differences in their attributions. The marital satisfaction was significantly meaningful in third generation. This study well explains these changes in terms of cultural transition that has been experienced by Iranian society in recent decades.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96552_160b8fb825df6ce36626cb5730c82946.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844210220141023The Effectiveness of Parents' Skills Training Program on Reducing Children's Behavior ProblemsThe Effectiveness of Parents' Skills Training Program on Reducing Children's Behavior Problems15917496560FAMaryamNematollahiIslamic Azad University, Central BranchSiamakTahmasebiUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesJournal Article20151207Objectives: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of parents' skill training program on reducing children's behavioral problems. Method: In an experimental study (pre-post-test), 4 primary schools were randomly selected from schools of Tehran. Two schools were randomly allocated into experimental group and two into control group. Experimental group (mothers of children aged 7-9 years) received parents' skill training program for 8 weeks, two hours sessions. Parents' reports participating in the training program (n=30 mothers) were compared with parents' reports of non-trained control group (n=31 mothers). Data were gathered using Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and analyzed using covariance analyses. Results: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control group after the training. The experimental group reported a significant decrease in children's behavioral problems.Objectives: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of parents' skill training program on reducing children's behavioral problems. Method: In an experimental study (pre-post-test), 4 primary schools were randomly selected from schools of Tehran. Two schools were randomly allocated into experimental group and two into control group. Experimental group (mothers of children aged 7-9 years) received parents' skill training program for 8 weeks, two hours sessions. Parents' reports participating in the training program (n=30 mothers) were compared with parents' reports of non-trained control group (n=31 mothers). Data were gathered using Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and analyzed using covariance analyses. Results: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control group after the training. The experimental group reported a significant decrease in children's behavioral problems.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96560_bfe5ff486d4a72cca586ad669f83663c.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844210220141023The Impact Anger Level and Childrearing Styles of Mothers on Self-Concept of Their Children With or Without LDThe Impact Anger Level and Childrearing Styles of Mothers on Self-Concept of Their Children With or Without LD17519696567FAEsmatDaneshIslamic Azad University, Karaj BranchMarjanManavi ShadAzarbaijan Shahid Madani UniversityKatayoonKhoushabiUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesMohammad RezaHasanzadeh TavakoliShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20151207The purpose of current research was to examine the impact of anger level of mothers who have children with or without LD on the self-concept of children. The method of the study was comparative and correlational. Statistical population included all mothers of children with LD that were clients of LD centers and the mothers of children without LD recruited from the same location. In total, 82 children were selected in two sample groups ranging 8 -12 years of age with and without LD. Then, questionnaires of The State - Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) and BaumrindChildren’s Self-concept Scale by Ahluwalia (1961) were filled.The data were analyzed by MANOVA and regression method. LD was not found as moderator variable in relation between anger and childrearing. Differences found between mother's children with and without LD in feeling angry, angry reaction, expression-out, anger expression - in, anger control - out, anger control - in, anger impact of behavior self-concept, educational self-concept and happy. There was a difference between children with and without LD in self-concept as well. Family as the most important agency that shapes child' past demand more basic research on childrearing styles of children with LD. It is essential to expand our research based knowledge about them. This study suggests differences between parenting styles of mothers with or without LD children that may have clinical implications for professionals involved in treatment of these children and their mothers.The purpose of current research was to examine the impact of anger level of mothers who have children with or without LD on the self-concept of children. The method of the study was comparative and correlational. Statistical population included all mothers of children with LD that were clients of LD centers and the mothers of children without LD recruited from the same location. In total, 82 children were selected in two sample groups ranging 8 -12 years of age with and without LD. Then, questionnaires of The State - Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) and BaumrindChildren’s Self-concept Scale by Ahluwalia (1961) were filled.The data were analyzed by MANOVA and regression method. LD was not found as moderator variable in relation between anger and childrearing. Differences found between mother's children with and without LD in feeling angry, angry reaction, expression-out, anger expression - in, anger control - out, anger control - in, anger impact of behavior self-concept, educational self-concept and happy. There was a difference between children with and without LD in self-concept as well. Family as the most important agency that shapes child' past demand more basic research on childrearing styles of children with LD. It is essential to expand our research based knowledge about them. This study suggests differences between parenting styles of mothers with or without LD children that may have clinical implications for professionals involved in treatment of these children and their mothers.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96567_8c07f2136e164615e2ed0811ae11be77.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844210220141023The Effectiveness of Role Theory Based Group Counseling on Family Function of Families With Slow-Learning ChildrenThe Effectiveness of Role Theory Based Group Counseling on Family Function of Families With Slow-Learning Children19721596571FAFarnazHole KianTehran UniversityMasoudGholamali LavasaniTehran UniversityJournal Article20151207The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group counseling based on the role theory on function of families with slow-learningchildren. The present study is a Quasi - experimental research with pre-test and post - test, and with experimental and control groups. Statistical population in cludes all mothers of slow - learning children in thecity of Hamadan. A sample of 30 subjects selected through available sampling method from high schools with equal numbers of both genders. Based on cloning features were allocated in experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 group counseling and control group was placed in the waiting list. Data collection instrument is family function questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, covariance analysis and t-test were applied to analyze data. It was found that there is a significant difference between post-test of experimental and control group (p<0/001). t-test showed significant difference in effectiveness of role theory group counseling for mothers with slow-learning girl and boy (p<0/001). So we can conclude that group counseling based on the role theory is effective on improving the function of families with slow-learning children. In addition, this effectivenessis different for families of slow-learning children based on the gender of child.The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group counseling based on the role theory on function of families with slow-learningchildren. The present study is a Quasi - experimental research with pre-test and post - test, and with experimental and control groups. Statistical population in cludes all mothers of slow - learning children in thecity of Hamadan. A sample of 30 subjects selected through available sampling method from high schools with equal numbers of both genders. Based on cloning features were allocated in experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 group counseling and control group was placed in the waiting list. Data collection instrument is family function questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, covariance analysis and t-test were applied to analyze data. It was found that there is a significant difference between post-test of experimental and control group (p<0/001). t-test showed significant difference in effectiveness of role theory group counseling for mothers with slow-learning girl and boy (p<0/001). So we can conclude that group counseling based on the role theory is effective on improving the function of families with slow-learning children. In addition, this effectivenessis different for families of slow-learning children based on the gender of child.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96571_167d5bbebb10f2e5b5ac94adf2c6d3a0.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844210220141023Prevalent High Risk Behaviors and Important Family Factors From the Point of View of Adolescents: A Qualitative ResearchPrevalent High Risk Behaviors and Important Family Factors From the Point of View of Adolescents: A Qualitative Research21723396577FAElaheAtashnafasSemnan University of Medical SciencesRahebGhorbaniSemnan University of Medical SciencesSeyed MusaTabatabaeeSemnan Payam Noor UniversityHoseinAbdoosEducation and Training Organization of Semnan CitySomayehAbbas PoorEducation and Training Organization of Semnan CityAli RezaMahmoudianEducation and Training Organization of Semnan CityJournal Article20151207Fast changes at technologic, cultural and social level in community could cause many physical, psychological and social problems for some adolescents. The aim of this study was making clear the views of high school students of Semnan city on prevalent high risk behaviors and important family factors involved. This study is a qualitative research with content analysis. Through a purposivesampling , 98 students (boys & girls) at 3rd grade of highschools of Semnan city was selected and participated. Setting up 8 focus group discussion with some open questions as guide line, data gathering was carried out and at the same time analysis of data was started. Based on objectives of the study, coding of data was performed and themes were extracted. In the course of content analysis, 3 main and 4 subordinated themes were extracted. Main themes are: common high risk behaviors in this age group, parenthood approaches and psychological atmosphere in the family. Comprehensive and continuous education of adolescents and parents about common high risk behaviors isassociated with correct parenthood approaches, control, and providing guidance to adolescents that found useful for decreasing risky behaviors and modifying effective family factors.Fast changes at technologic, cultural and social level in community could cause many physical, psychological and social problems for some adolescents. The aim of this study was making clear the views of high school students of Semnan city on prevalent high risk behaviors and important family factors involved. This study is a qualitative research with content analysis. Through a purposivesampling , 98 students (boys & girls) at 3rd grade of highschools of Semnan city was selected and participated. Setting up 8 focus group discussion with some open questions as guide line, data gathering was carried out and at the same time analysis of data was started. Based on objectives of the study, coding of data was performed and themes were extracted. In the course of content analysis, 3 main and 4 subordinated themes were extracted. Main themes are: common high risk behaviors in this age group, parenthood approaches and psychological atmosphere in the family. Comprehensive and continuous education of adolescents and parents about common high risk behaviors isassociated with correct parenthood approaches, control, and providing guidance to adolescents that found useful for decreasing risky behaviors and modifying effective family factors.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96577_6136eaf34330bee134d1d8a2adc6ad55.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844210220141023The Effectiveness of Contractual Freedom to the Choice of PartnerThe Effectiveness of Contractual Freedom to the Choice of Partner23525396585FAMohammadRoshanShahid Beheshti UniversityHasanFadaiiImam Sadegh UniversitySeyed MohammadAzinTehran UniversityJournal Article20151207Family is the simplest human society. Some part of its construction is involuntary; no one chooses his/her parents. But when it is time to accompany with a partner, "the freedom to choose" plays a key role: whether to choose marriage itself or to choose a specific partner. The authors aim to scrutiny the legitimacy of contracts regarding restriction, prohibition or compulsion of marriage. There is a famous legal maxim which states that: "In family law, the regulations are imperative and no one can compromise unlike them". This paper is to verify this general claim regarding contractual freedom in marriage.Family is the simplest human society. Some part of its construction is involuntary; no one chooses his/her parents. But when it is time to accompany with a partner, "the freedom to choose" plays a key role: whether to choose marriage itself or to choose a specific partner. The authors aim to scrutiny the legitimacy of contracts regarding restriction, prohibition or compulsion of marriage. There is a famous legal maxim which states that: "In family law, the regulations are imperative and no one can compromise unlike them". This paper is to verify this general claim regarding contractual freedom in marriage.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96585_be1e145725c642b3a870442d9fefbe63.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal of Family Research1735-844210220141023The Relationship Between Premarital Sex and Attitudes Toward InfidelityThe Relationship Between Premarital Sex and Attitudes Toward Infidelity25526796651FASeyed HadiAlitabarUniversity of IsfahanSaiedGhanbariShahid Beheshti UniversityAliZadeh MohammadiShahid Beheshti UniversityMojtabaHabibiShahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20151207This study compared the attitudes towards infidelity in married men with and with out premarital sexual history with current wife or a personother than the current wife and the number of experienced sexual partners before marriage. this research was fund a mental in terms of objective, and descriptive-comparative in terms of data collection method. The population of this study consists of all married men less than 45 years in Tehran. A sample of 144 married men living in Tehran was selected. For collecting data, the Attitudes toward in fidelity scale and for data analysis, one way ANOVA, independent sample t-test & Pearson correlation were used. The findings revealed that a significant difference in attitude toward infidelity between married men with a history of premarital sexual relations with spouse or a person other than future spouse. Also, there is a significant relationship between the number of premarital sexual partners and attitudes toward infidelity. This research confirms that married men with a history of premarital sexual relations with future spouse or other(s) have more permissive attitudes toward infidelity. Also, it was found that the more number of premarital sexual partners more tendency towards out of wedlock sexual affaires.This study compared the attitudes towards infidelity in married men with and with out premarital sexual history with current wife or a personother than the current wife and the number of experienced sexual partners before marriage. this research was fund a mental in terms of objective, and descriptive-comparative in terms of data collection method. The population of this study consists of all married men less than 45 years in Tehran. A sample of 144 married men living in Tehran was selected. For collecting data, the Attitudes toward in fidelity scale and for data analysis, one way ANOVA, independent sample t-test & Pearson correlation were used. The findings revealed that a significant difference in attitude toward infidelity between married men with a history of premarital sexual relations with spouse or a person other than future spouse. Also, there is a significant relationship between the number of premarital sexual partners and attitudes toward infidelity. This research confirms that married men with a history of premarital sexual relations with future spouse or other(s) have more permissive attitudes toward infidelity. Also, it was found that the more number of premarital sexual partners more tendency towards out of wedlock sexual affaires.https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96651_56a3aaa4fa95d653c96aa72ddc8d071b.pdf