حق بر ملاقات کودکان از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد صفادشت

چکیده

مسأله ملاقات کودکان امر مهمی است که علاوه بر والدین دولتها نیز در آن ایفای نقش می کنند. در حقیقت کودکان به دلیل شرایط سنی کم، جهت احقاق حق خود نیاز به حمایت خاص دارند؛ لذا در مواقعی که روند زندگی کودکان تحت تأثیر وقایعی همچون طلاق والدین، نقل مکان یا مهاجرت قرار می گیرد؛ موضوع ملاقات آنها با والدین و خویشاوندان بسیار حائز اهمیت است. از سال 1959 و تصویب اعلامیه حقوق کودک تاکنون اسناد بین المللی جهانی و منطقه ای متعددی در حمایت از حقوق کودک به تصویب رسیده است؛ این در حالی است که کودکان در بسیاری از مواقع در اثر خودخواهی والدین و قصور در انجام تکالیفشان یا بی توجهی دولتها در حمایت از حقوق کودکان با چالش ملاقات مواجه هستند. اگر چه ملاقات کودکان تکلیف نیست اما حق والدین و کودکان محسوب می گردد و حقوقی همچون سلامت و هویت کودک را نیز تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Right to Visitation of Children from the Perspective of International Law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Meshkibaf
  • Abdollah Abedini
Safadasht Branch Islamic Azad University
چکیده [English]

The issue of meeting children is important and in addition to parents, States also play a role. In fact, children, due to their low age, need special protection to enforce their rights. Therefore, in situations where the process of life of children is affected by events such as parental divorce, displacement or immigration, it is very important to visitation them with their parents and relatives. Since 1959 and the adoption of the Declaration on the Rights of the Child, there have been several international and regional human rights instruments in support of the rights of the child, however, children are faced with the challenge of visitation in many cases due to parents' selfishness and failing to carry out duties or neglecting States in protecting the rights of children. Although visitation of children is not considered as a duty, it is observed a right for parents and children and affects children's various rights such as health and identity rights

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • International Law
  • Visitation Right
  • Children Rights
  • Parental Duty
  • State Support

مراجع

  1. African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of The Child, 1990
  2. American Convention On Human Rights, 1969
  3. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, No. 16-16387, Roque Jacinto Fernandez (Petitioner-Appellant), Christy Nicole Bailey (Respondent-Appellee), 2018
  4. Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, 2000
  5. Convention on the Civil Aspect of International Child Abduction, 1980
  6. Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989
  7. Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-Operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children, 1996
  8. Convention on Contact Concerning Children, 2003
  9. Covenant on The Rights of The Child in Islam, 2005
  10. Committee on The Rights of The Child, General Comment No.7, 2005
  11. Declaration on The Rights of The Child, 1959
  12. European Convention On Human Rights, 1950
  13. Feria Tinta, M. (2013). The Landmark Rulings of the Inter American Court of Human Rights on the Rights of The Child, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff
  14. Freeman, M. (2007). A Commentary on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 3, The Best Interests of the Child, Leiden Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
  15. H. harvay, J & A. Fine, M. (2004). Children of Divorce Stories of Loss and Growth, New Jersey: Inc Publishers
  16. Human Rights Committee, General Comment No.17, 1989
  17. Nigel, C & Holzscheiter, A. (2008). A Commentry on the United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child. Article 20. Children Deprived of the Family Environment, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
  18. Office of the United Nations High commissioner for Human Rights. (2007). Legislative History of The Convention on The Rights of The Child, Vol. 1, New York
  19. Detrick, SH. (1999). A Commentary on The United Nationa Convention on the Rights of the Child, Hague/Boston/ London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  20. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966
  21. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 1966
  22. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
  23. Van Bueren, G. (1995). The International Law on The Rights of The Child, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

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