تدوین الگو رابطه مادر – کودک با نشانگان اختلال دلبستگی واکنشی در کودکان 2 تا 5 سال

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، تدوین الگو رابطه مادر – کودک در اختلال دلبستگی واکنشی وبررسی اثربخشی بازی درمانی مبتنی بر دلبستگی  بر کاهش نشانگان اختلال دلبستگی  واکنشی در کودکان 2 تا 5 سال بود. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است، جامعه پژوهش شامل تمامی زوج  مادر و کودک (2 تا 5 ساله) با نشانگان اختلال دلبستگی واکنشی در شهر تهران است. در بخش اول 150 مادر و کودک  به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس از مهد کودک ها انتخاب شدند. نمونه ی پژوهشی در بخش دوم جهت سنجش اثربخشی بازی درمانی بر کاهش نشانگان اختلال  دلبستگی واکنشی شامل دو گروه 15 نفر که در دو گروه آزمایشی و کنترل قرار گرفتند. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه مشکلات ارتباطی RPQ ، مقیاس ارزیابی بازی تعاملی مادر و کودک  و مصاحبه بالینی بود. همچنین در بخش دوم جهت پیش آزمون و پس آزمون از پرسشنامه مشکلات ارتباطی استفاده شد.تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تاییدی جهت شناسایی روابط بین متغیرهای پژوهش استفاده شد و جهت مقایسه پیش آزمون و پس آزمون گروه آزمایش و کنترل، از تحلیل کواریانس داده ها استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی با هدف شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با الگوی ارتباطی مادر-کودک در کودکان 2-5 سال دارای اختلال دلبستگی واکنشی  نشان داد که دو عامل، عاطفه و دخالت مادر  به ترتیب 861/15 و 736/9 و در مجموع 259/25  درصد از واریانس پرسشنامه  را تبیین می کند. همچنین نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغییره نشان داد بازی درمانی باعث کاهش علایم اختلال دلبستگی واکنشی گروه آزمایشی شد. تعامل مادر -کودک به عنوان نخستین معرف دنیای ارتباطات کودک و پیش بین قوی در سبک دلبستگی کودک است. همچنین از بین بردن موانع ارتباطی در روابط کودک و مادر در فرآیند بازی درمانی برای کودکان مبتلا به اختلال دلبستگی واکنشی، دلیل عمده به کارگیری این رویکرد درمانی برای این کودکان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Developing a mother-child relationship model in reactive attachment disorder and investigating attachment-based Thera play on reducing symptoms of reactive attachment disorder in children

نویسنده [English]

  • azam heshmati
university of Isfahan
چکیده [English]

The aim of this research was developing a mother-child relationship model in reactive attachment disorder and investigating attachment-based Thera play on reducing symptoms of reactive attachment disorder in 2 to 5-year-old children. The current research was a descriptive correlational one. Research population included all mother-child (2 to 5 years old) with reactive attachment disorder in Tehran. In the first part 150 mothers and children selected from kindergartens through available sampling. The sample of second part for assessment of play therapy on reducing the symptoms of reactive attachment disorder included two groups of 15 members in experiment and control. Measurements included RPQ questionnaire, a mother and child interactive play assessment scale and clinical interview. In the second part relationship problem questionnaire was used for pretest and posttest. Explorative factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was used for recognizing relationship between variables and a nova was used for comparing pretest and posttest of experimental and control group. The results of explorative factor analysis with the aim of recognizing factors related to mother-child relationship model in 2-5-year-old children showed that two factors of affect and mother interference could respectively describe 861.15 and 736.9 of variance and totally 259.25% of variance. Also, the results of man ova showed that play therapy resulted in reducing of symptoms of reactive attachment disorder in experimental group. Mother-child interaction is the first reagent of children world of relationship and powerful predictor of child attachment style. Eliminating of relationship barriers in mother-child relationship in the process of play therapy for children with reactive attachment disorder is the major reason for applying this approach by the therapist.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • mother and child relationship- Reactive attachment disorder- attachment-based Thera play

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