عوامل پیش‌بینی‌کنندۀ خوداثرمندی والدینی مادرانِ کودکان زیر دو سال

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 کارشناس ارشد خانواده درمانی

چکیده

خوداثرمندی والدینی به ‌معنای سطح اطمینان ادراک ‌شدۀ والد از چگونگی ایفای نقش خود است و می‌تواند با سازگاری روان‌شناختی و اجتماعی کودک و والد هم‌بسته باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی عوامل مؤثر در خوداثرمندی والدینی مادران کودکان زیر دو سال بود. این مطالعه در زمرۀ مطالعات توصیفی ‌ـ ‌پسرویدادی قرار دارد. بدین‌ منظور، با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و در دسترس، از ۲۲۰ تن از مادران کودکان زیر دو سال شهر تهران خواسته شد تا به سؤالات پژوهش پاسخ دهند. از شاخص استرس والدینی (آبیدین، ۱۹۹۵)، مقیاس منابع حمایت اجتماعی (کوسک و کوسک، ۲۰۰۲)، پرسش‌نامۀ اثرمندی مادرانه (تتی و گلفند، ۱۹۹۱)، پرسش‌نامۀ افسردگی بک (بک، ۱۹۷۶)، پرسش‌نامۀ خُلق‌ و ‌خوی کودک (بیتس، ۱۹۸۶) و مقیاس اضطراب جدایی مـادرانه (هوک و مک برید و گنزدا، (۱۹۸۹) برای جمعآوری دادهها استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام نشان داد خُلق‌و‌خوی کودک و افسردگی مادر و استرس والدینی، در سه گام، حدود ۳۳ درصد واریانس خوداثرمندی والدینی مادرانِ کودکان زیر دو سال را تبیین میکنند؛ بنابراین برنامههای آموزشی و پیشگیرانه با در نظر گرفتن این متغیرها میتوانند سطح خوداثرمندی در مادران را افزایش داده و از ناسازگاری‌های بعدی پیشگیری کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Predictors Factors of Parental Self-Efficacy in Mothers with Children Under Two Years Old

نویسندگان [English]

  • Karineh Tahmassian 1
  • Asyeh Anari 1
  • Mahboobe Fathabadi 2
1 Shahid Beheshti University
2 Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

Parental self-efficacy refers to the parents' perceived level of confidence of how   to play their role, and also might be correlated with the social and psychological adjustment of children and parents. The aim of the present research is to examine factors influencing parental self-efficacy in mother with children under 2 years old.The study is descriptive- post hoc. A sample of 220 mothers were selected from Tehran by purposeful and accessible sampling method. They completed Parenting Stress Index, Sources of Social Support Scale, Maternal efficacy Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Maternal separation anxiety scale and Child temperament questionnaire. Stepwise regression analysis showed that child temperament, mother depression and parenting stress, in three steps, could explain 33% of variance in maternal self-efficacy. Therefore, educational programs relevant to the mentioned factors can enhance maternal self-efficacy and prevent children’s psychological problems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • parental stress- Child temperament- social support- parenting self_efficacy- depression- mothers

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